Trican Frac School Power Point

Question 1

What percent of wells fracked are vertical?

Answer 1

1%

Question 2

Fractures grow ___________ until they no longer crack rock and then they grow _______ from the wellbore.

Answer 2

vertically, away

Question 3

Frac is used to bypass what?

Answer 3

near wellbore damage or skin

Question 4

Frac will contact a large part of the reservoir and ________ layers

Answer 4

connect

Question 5

restrictions in the wellbore cause?

Answer 5

pressure loss and slow production

Question 6

Name the 8 pieces of equipment on a frac site?

Answer 6

blender
pumpers
iron truck
sand truck
chemical addition unit
data/frac van
well head saver
N2 pump

Question 7

Blender?

Answer 7

• hub of frac operation
• takes base fluids from tanks
• blends chemical
• discharge gel/sand slurry to pumpers

Question 8

Chemical addition unit?

Answer 8

• transports additives required to gel the fluid

- computer controlled rate

Question 9

Pumper?

Answer 9

• high power pumps- 2,250 HP each
• Increase pressure of the slurry pumped from blender
• PDP

Question 10

Hydration Unit?

Answer 10

• allows complete hydration of chemicals prior to blender

- high shear circulating pumps

Question 11

Iron truck?

Answer 11

Hauls pipe required to connect pumpers to well

Question 12

Sand truck?

Answer 12

transports proppant to location

Question 13

Frac Van?

Answer 13

records and displays all info pertinent to frac (real-time data)

Question 14

Nitrogen Pump?

Answer 14

takes Liquid Nitrogen, heats it and turns it into gas (for fracturing or other operations)

Question 15

CO2 transport

Answer 15

stores and transports liquid co2 (low pressure discharge to fluid pumper).

Question 16

Spearhead?

Answer 16

small volume of acid pumped ahead of frac fluid to break down perfs.

Question 17

Pad?

Answer 17

The viscosified fluid that initiated the fracture and develops width for proppant.

Question 18

Slurry?

Answer 18

The sand laden fluid

Question 19

Flush?

Answer 19

fluid pumped to remove proppant from wellbore

Question 20

Leak off?

Answer 20

during a treatment, the frac fluid leaks off into the formation

Question 21

conductivity?

Answer 21

how easily the frac proppant pack allows flow back to the wellbore

Question 22

Net pressure?

Answer 22

pressure needed to extend frac

Question 23

Dead-leg?

Answer 23

static pressure from tubulars communicating to BHP

Question 24

Initiation pressure?

Answer 24

Pressure required to initially crack rock

Question 25

Screen Out?

Answer 25

When the leak off exceeds the pump in rate

Question 26

Tortuosity?

Answer 26

high pressure from near wellbore problem

Question 27

Forced closure?

Answer 27

immediate flowback to improve frac fluid recovery.

Question 28

(P)treating= ?

Answer 28

= (P)frac + (P)friction - (P)hydrostatic

(P) frac= (Frac gradient * depth), etc