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CMBM exam 5 > Neoplasia III > Flashcards

Neoplasia III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 2nd leading cause of death after heart disease?

A

Cancer

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2
Q

What are the most common cancers?

A

Men: prostate
Women: Breast

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3
Q

What are the deadliest cancer?

A

Lung

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4
Q

Which cancers have dec in death rates?

A

Cervical, colon, breast, lung and some leukemias

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5
Q

What cancers have inc in death rates?

A

Lung in women

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6
Q

How are most sporadic cancers caused?

A

Environmental factors

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7
Q

What are some environmental carcinogens?

A

Sunlight (skin cancer)
Smoking (lung cancer)
Alcohol (liver, breast)
HPV (cervical carcinoma)

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8
Q

What age do most cancers occur?

A

55-75

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9
Q

What types of cancers occur with advanced age?

A

Colon, lung, prostate, breast

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10
Q

What other age group is cancer likely to effect?

A

Children (10% of all childhood deaths)

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11
Q

What are the three categories of hereditary cancer?

A

Inherited cancer syndrome
Familial cancers
Syndromes of defective DNA repair

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12
Q

What are the inherited cancer sydromes?

A

Dominantly inherited
Retinoblastoma
Familial polyposis coli

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13
Q

What are the familial cancers?

A

Most common sporadic cancers have familial forms too
Breast, colon, ovary, brain
Occur earlier but are often more lethal

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14
Q

What are syndromes of defective DNA repair?

A

Recessively inherited

Xeroderma pigmentosum

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15
Q

What are the persistent regenerative cell replications?

A

Chronic skin fistula = squamous cell carcinoma

Cirrhosis = liver cancer

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16
Q

What are the hyperplastic and dysplastic proliferations?

A

Atypical endometrial hyperplasia = endometrial cancer

Dysplastic bronchial mucosa = lung cancer

17
Q

What is the prognosis of a tumor dependent on?

A

Grade of tumor

Stage of tumor

18
Q

How is the stage of a tumor noted?

A

TMN system
Tumor size
Nodal status
Metastatic spread

19
Q

Describe grading of a malignant tumor.

A

How “nasty” the tumor looks
Pathologic eval (microscope)
Mitoses, plemorphism, necrosis

20
Q

Describe staging of a malignant tumor.

A

How far the tumor has spread
Clinical eval of pt (imaging, surgery)
TNM system

21
Q

What would you look for in NHL in staging for leukemia/lymphoma?

A

How many lymph nodes
Where they were
Bone marrow involvement
Hbg, WBC count

22
Q

What would you look for in myeloma in staging for leukemia/lymphoma?

A

Plasma protein level IgM/IgA/IgG levels and monoclonality
Hgb, WBC
Bone marrow involvement

CMBM exam 5 (19 decks)

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