first 20 questions

Question 1

The greek scholar Hippocrate hypothesized that the brain was…

Answer 1

center of intellect

Question 2

bell and Magendie’s experiments…

• demonstrated separate pathways for sensory and motor information
• involved lesioning the PNS
• Demonstrated localization of function in the cerebral cortex
• more than one of the above is correct

Answer 2

more that one of the above is correct… they found that the anterior spinal nerve roots contain only motor fibers and posterior roots only sensory fibers and that nerve impulses are conducted in only one direction in each case…. They did lesioning in the PNS (to dogs!)

Question 3

Paul Broca’s contribution to the understanding of nervous system function included:

Answer 3

providing strong evidence for localization of function in the human cerebral cortex

Question 4

the process of hardening brain tissue to allow for thin sectioning and microscopic study neurons is called:

Answer 4

fixing

Question 5

Axons and dendrites are two types of

Answer 5

neurites

Question 6

the three components of the cytoskeleton of a neuron are:

Answer 6

neurofilaments, microfilaments (actin), microtubules

Question 7

axoplasmic transport occurs in one direction, from the soma to the terminal (T/F)

Answer 7

False… Axonal transport occurs in two directions, from the cell body to terminals (anterograde, obvious) and from terminals to cell body (retrograde, returns worn out materials from nerve terminals to the cell body for either degradation or restoration)

Question 8

You could conclusively call a neuron that projects from the brain to the spinal cord a ______ neuron

Answer 8

Golgi type I… Golgi type 1 neuron has a long axon that begins in grey matter of the nervous system and projects from there… Golgi type II are defined as having short axons or no axons at all… Seen on Golgi stain

Question 9

cells that scavenge debris in the brain are called…

Answer 9

microglia

Question 10

which of the following cells would be likely to myelinate an axon in your leg?

Answer 10

PNS: schwann cell CNS: oligodendrocytes

Question 11

____ are the “train tracks” along which materials are transported down an axon

Answer 11

microtubules

Question 12

what is a role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Answer 12

regulate contents of extracellular space

Question 13

dendritic spines:

Answer 13

are sites of synaptic input

Question 14

which of the following is a violation of the “neuron doctrine” as it was originally stated?

Answer 14

Gap junctions… neuron doctrine is the concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells.

Question 15

Anterogradetransport utilizes ____ molecular motors. retrograde transport utilizes _____ molecular motors

Answer 15

Kinesin; dynein

Question 16

Which of the following stains would be the best way to demonstrate the distinction between white matter and gray matter?

Answer 16

Grey matter contains neural cell bodies and doesn’t contain myelinated axon tracts (like white). Nissl stain: staining of cell body (endoplasmic reticulum)… Golgi stain method: limited to the number of cells at random, dendrites as well as cell soma are clearly stained

Question 17

Which of the following is not found in axon terminals?

Answer 17

rough ER

Question 18

If you were an excitatory axon who really wanted to cause some action potentials in acute neurons next to you, where is the best place to put your bouton (terminal)?

Answer 18

near the axon hillock

Question 19

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine are ______. Substance P and enkephalins are ______. GABA and glutamate are ______

Answer 19

amines, peptides, amino acids

Question 20

Which of the following is most directly responsible for the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminal?

Answer 20

concentration of calcium in the presynaptic terminal

Question 21

IPSPs do what?

Answer 21

keep a neuron away from threshold

Question 22

IPSPs spatially summate (T/F)

Answer 22

True