Weather Flashcards
Latent heat
- Heat added or subtracted to a substance without a change in temperature
- absorbed or released during a change in state
Water vapor
- Only 0-4% of atmosphere
- Holds most of the heat in the atmosphere
- Odorless and colorless
Latent heat of vaporization /Condensation
- 1 g liquid H2O》1 g gas H2O absorbs 600 cal (cooling)
* 1 g gas H2O》1 g liquid H2O releases 600 cal (warming)
Humidity
Amount of water vapor in air
Specific humidity
- Mass of water vapor per mass of air
* Usually grams H2O per kilograms air
Saturation
- Air can only hold so much moisture at a certain temperature
- Air can hold more H2O at higher temperatures
Relative humidity
Ratio of the airs actual water vapor content to it’s potential water vapor capacity at a given temperature
Two things change relative humidity
One: amount of H2O in the air
(H2O goes up, humidity goes up, if temperature is constant)
Two: temperature
(Temperature goes up, humidity goes down, if H2O is constant)
Dewpoint
Temperature to which air would have to be cooled to reach saturation
Ingredients for a cloud
- Drop in temperature/pressure
- moisture
- Dust particles
Adiabatic cooling
- as pressure of the air goes down, the temperature also goes down
- No heat is subtracted from the air
- Air pressure goes down with altitude
Ways to lift air to a higher altitude
One: lifting air
-orographic lifting: Elevated terrain pushes air up (mountains)
Two:frontal wedging
-warm air rises up over cold air
Three: convection
-warm air rises
Four: Convergence
-two air masses come together and rise
Types of clouds
Fog: cloud near the ground
Stratus: sheets or layers, cover sky, no individual units
cirrus: High altitude, white, thin and wispy
Cumulus: globular, rising, puffy, maybe large or small
Precipitation
- Small particles eventually condense and become heavy enough to fall
- One raindrop equals millions of cloud particles
- most precipitation starts out as snow
- Temp below clouds dictates form of precipitation (rain, snow, hail, sleet, freezing rain)
Air pressure
- Mass of air induces a pressure
* Barometric pressure measured in millibars or mmHg