Chapter 6 Changes to the Earth's Surface

Question 1

This is Earth’s thinnest layer, thin outer layer or skin

Answer 1

crust

Question 2

The thick layer under Earth’s thin crust. Some of the __ is melted and the rest is solid.

Answer 2

mantle

Question 3

Beneath the mantle, this is the last major layer. There are two parts to the __, the liquid outer __ and a solid inner __. This layer extends from the bottom of the mantle to the Earth’s center.

Answer 3

core

Question 4

The process of being broken down into smaller pieces

Answer 4

weathering

Question 5

The removal and transportation of weathered material, the pieces of rock are carried away.

Answer 5

erosion

Question 6

The small pieces of rock that are weathered and eroded and carried by wind and water

Answer 6

sediment

Question 7

Sediment that has dropped out of the air or water; the dropping or settling of eroded material

Answer 7

deposition

Question 8

Huge sheets of ice that stay frozen all year-round

Answer 8

glacier

Question 9

Rocks from space that have collided with the Earth (or moon, etc)

Answer 9

meteorites

Question 10

Theory that the lithosphere is divided into plates that are always moving

Answer 10

plate tectonics

Question 11

This word comes from Greek and means “to build”

Moving plates build landforms

Answer 11

tectonics

Question 12

Chain of mountains that runs through the world’s oceans

Answer 12

mid-ocean ridge

Question 13

A deep valley along the highest part of the mid-ocean ridge where plates move apart

Answer 13

rift

Question 14

As plates separate hot rock moves up and forms new crust, or new lithosphere.

Answer 14

sea-floor spreading

Question 15

Theory that all the continents once formed a single supercontinent

Answer 15

Pangea

Question 16

A break in the Earth’s crust where rocks can slide past each other

Answer 16

fault

Question 17

The result of rocks stretching too far, snapping and breaking. Energy is released suddenly as they slide past each other.

Answer 17

earthquake

Question 18

Point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins

Answer 18

focus

Question 19

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

Answer 19

epicenter

Question 20

Instrument used to electronically measure and record the motion caused by earthquake’s energy waves

Answer 20

seismograph

Question 21

Scale used to estimate the amount of energy released by an earthquake

Answer 21

Richter scale

Question 22

Instrument that calculates the energy released during an earthquake by calculating the distance rock moves along the fault; more accurate than the Richter scale

Answer 22

moment magnitude scale

Question 23

Scale that measures the strength of an earthquake according to the amount of damage caused; uses Roman Numerals

Answer 23

Mercalli intensity scale

Question 24

Earthquake beneath the ocean that causes the ocean floor to rise and fall; moves a huge wave or wall of water

Answer 24

tsunami

Question 25

Mountain that forms when molten rock, or magma is pushed to the surface and builds up

Answer 25

volcano

Question 26

Motlen, or melted rock inside the Earth

Answer 26

magma

Question 27

Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface; magma outside the Earth

Answer 27

lava

Question 28

Place where magma occurs under a plate and pushes up towards the surface; Hawaiian Islands were formed by a hot spot under the Pacific Plate

Answer 28

hot spot