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E: BIO 107 > Bio107-ch3lab4 > Flashcards

Bio107-ch3lab4 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell/plasma membrane

A

surrounds cell, regulates what goes in and out of it

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2
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

protects the cell, part of the cell membrane

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3
Q

Phospholipid bilayer (2 parts)

A
  1. Head 2. Tails
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4
Q

Heads are

A

hydrophilic and on the outside

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5
Q

Tails are

A

hydrophobic and on the inside

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6
Q

Hydrophilic

A

likes water

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7
Q

Hyrdophobic

A

does NOT like water

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8
Q

Cholesterol adds ___ to the cell membrane

A

structure

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9
Q

Glycoprotein

A

helps the body recognize itself and organs (blood type, organ transplant- meds to trick the glycoprotein)

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10
Q

Functions of cell membrane (2 main)

A
  1. Transport 2. Enzymatic
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11
Q

Transport

A

read in book

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12
Q

Enzymatic

A

read in book

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13
Q

PASSIVE Membrane Transport (2)

A

going with the gradient

“go with the flow”

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14
Q

Passive membrane transport (3 main types)

A
  1. Simple diffusion 2. Facilitate diffusion 3. Osmosis
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15
Q

Simple diffusion- PASSIVE (3)

A
  1. no ATP req. 2. movement of O2 through cell membrane 3. perfume disperses after time & isn’t as strong
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16
Q

Facilitated diffusion- PASSIVE (3)

A
  1. no ATP req. 2. movement of GLUCOSE into cells 3. BIGger particles cannot go through normal channels in the cell membrane so they make NEW channels
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17
Q

Osmosis- PASSIVE

A
  1. no ATP req. 2. movement of WATER in and out of cells
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18
Q

Osmosis moves from- PASSIVE

A

high concentration to low concentration

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19
Q

Osmosis terms- PASSIVE (3)

A
  1. Isotonic 2. Hypotonic 3. Hypertonic
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20
Q

Isotonic

A

or equilibrium- same solute on both sides

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21
Q

Hypotonic

A

GREATER solute concentration

cell will SHRINK, water ENTERS cell

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22
Q

Hypertonic

A

LESS solute concentration

cell will SWELL/BURST, water LEAVES cell

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23
Q

ACTIVE Membrane Transport (3)

A
  1. REQUIRES ATP 2. Low concentration to high concentration 3. Going AGAINST the gradient/ swimming upstream
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24
Q

ACTIVE membrane transport (3 main)

A
  1. Exocytosis 2. Endocytosis 3. Phagocytosis
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25
Q

Exocytosis

A

moves/allows a substance to LEAVE the cell

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26
Q

Endocytosis

A

enables LARGE particles to ENTER the cell

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27
Q

Phagocytosis

A

they engulf BIGger things and moves them INTO the cell

28
Q

CELL STRUCTURE

A

you got this girllllll ;)

29
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the contents OUTSIDE the nucleus

30
Q

Cytoplasm includes (2)

A
  1. Organelles- little organs 2. Cytosol- fluid
31
Q

Mitochondria

A

power house of cell, ENERGY

32
Q

Glycolysis formula

A

Glucose + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + energy

33
Q

ATP =

A

ENERGY

34
Q

Cristae- in MITOCHONDRIA

A

where most ATP is produced

ETC

35
Q

ATP (3 parts)

A
  1. Glycosis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain
36
Q

Glycosis- ATP

A

yields little ATP

37
Q

Krebs cycle- ATP

A

yields a little more ATP than glycosis

38
Q

Electron transport chain (ETC)- ATP

A

where we get a majority of our ATP

Cristae

39
Q

ATP requires

A

OXYGEN in order for work

40
Q

ATP full name

A

Adenosine triphosphate

41
Q

ATP formula

A

ADP + P= ATP

42
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (2 types)

A
  1. Rough/Granular ER- has RIBOSOMES on it 2. Smooth/Agranular ER
43
Q

Ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

44
Q

Rough ER

A

makes the proteins that are imbedded into the plasma/cell membrane

45
Q

Smooth ER

A
  1. In liver- lipid and cholesterol metabolism and detoxifies drugs 2. In testes- synthesis of steroid-based hormones
46
Q

Golgi apparatus (3)

A
  1. “UPS center” 2. Modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins 3. SENDS proteins in secretory vesicles
47
Q

Lysosomes (2)

A
  1. “Lysol” 2. Breaks down bacteria/viruses/toxins 2. Found in WBC, immune cells, and melanocytes
48
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Neutralizes dangerous free radicals (to prevent cell mutation)

49
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

“Skeleton” of cell, have filaments for cell structure & rigidity

50
Q

Centrioles

A

involved in cell division

51
Q

Cilia

A

“finger like hairs”

helps substances move through the cells

52
Q

Nucleus

A

powerhouse of cell, contains genetic material

53
Q

Chromatin

A

loose genetic material in nucleus (before division)

54
Q

Chromosomes

A

when dividing, chromatin becomes dark rods or chromosomes

55
Q

Nucleoli

A

small round bodies inside nucleus

56
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

protects nucleus, has NUCLEAR PORES

57
Q

Nuclear pores

A

regulate what passes through and goes out of the nuclear envelope

58
Q

CELL DIVISION

A

lab 4 and part of lecture chapter 3

59
Q

Interphase

A

long period where cells grow before dividing

clumps of dark in middle with nucleus

60
Q

Prophase

A

chromatin condenses forming chromosomes

clumps of dark in the middle

61
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes cluster in the middle in a line

62
Q

Anaphase

A

the chromosomes in the middle start to pull apart

63
Q

Telophase

A

the soon to be new 2 sister cells start to pull away (cleavage)

64
Q

Cytokinesis

A

2 sister cells are produced (separate from each other)

65
Q

Mitosis

A

division of copied DNA of the mother cell to 2 daughter cells

E: BIO 107 (17 decks)

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