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Pharmacology 2 > Drugs Acting on the GI System > Flashcards

Drugs Acting on the GI System Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 major groups of appetite stimulants?

A 
GABA agonists (Benzodiazepines, Propofol)
Serotonin antagonists (Cyproheptadine, Mirtazepine)
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2
Q

What miscellaneous drugs can be used as appetite stimulants?

A

Glucocorticoids (prednisone)
B-vitamins
Megestrol acetate
Anabolic steroids (Winstrol)

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3
Q

How do GABA agonists stimulate appetite?

A

Stimulate GABA, and inhibit satiety center

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4
Q

What species are GABA agonists more effective in?

A

Cats

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5
Q

What is the duration of benzodiazepines (GABA agonist) for apetite stimulation?

A

Short term

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6
Q

Why do you not give Diazepam (GABA agonist) orally in cats?

A

Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity

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7
Q

How can you give Diazepam (GABA agonist)?

A

IV

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8
Q

How can you give Midazolam (GABA agonist)?

A

IM

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9
Q

What is the duration of propofol (GABA agonist)?

A

Very short term

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10
Q

Why must you be cautious when giving Propofol to cats if treating repeatedly?

A

Heinz body anemia

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11
Q

How do serotonin antagonists stimulate appetite?

A

Inhibit satiety center by blocking serotonin receptors

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12
Q

What two serotonin antagonists are used as appetite stimulants?

A

Cyprohepitadine

Mirtazapine

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13
Q

What species is cyproheptadine effective in?

A

Cats

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14
Q

What is a common side effect of the benzodiazepines and Cyproheptadine?

A

Sedation

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15
Q

How is Cyproheptadine given?

A

Orally

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16
Q

What species is Mirtazepine used in mostly?

A

Dogs

17
Q

When are B vitamins most effective at stimulating appetite?

A

When there is a deficiency

18
Q

How does prednisone work to stimulate appetite?

A

Negative feedback on the CRH

19
Q

What two centers control vomiting?

A 
Emetic center (inside BBB)
CRTZ (outside BBB)
20
Q

What can be used to induce emesis peripherally?

A

H2O2 (caution in cats)

21
Q

What can be used to induce vomiting centrally? (2 drugs)

A

Apomorphine

Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine

22
Q

How does apomorphine stimulate vomiting?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors

23
Q

What species is apomorphine most effective in?

A

Dogs

24
Q

How doe Xylazine or Dexmedetomidine induce vomiting?

A

a2 agonist

25
Q

What species are Xyalazine and Dexmedetomidine most effective in?

A

Cats

26
Q

What 4 drugs inhibit vomiting?

A

NK1 receptor antagonists (Maropitant citrate)
H1 receptor antagonists (Meclizine, Dimenhydrinate)
Dopamine antagonists (Metoclopramide, Phenothiazines)
Serotonin antagonists (Ondansetron, Dolasetron)

27
Q

How do NK1 receptor antagonists (Maropitant citrate) work to inhibit vomiting?

A

Work at emetic center and CRTZ to block substance P2

28
Q

How can you give Maropitant citrate?

A

Oral and SQ

29
Q

How do antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) inhibit vomiting?

A

Reduce vestibular input to CRTZ

30
Q

How do dopamine antagonists (Metoclopramide) inhibit vomiting?

A

Block dopamine receptors and Serotonin receptors at higher doses

31
Q

What were serotonin antagonists originally used for?

A

Chemotherapy related nausea

Pharmacology 2 (9 decks)

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