4- Respiration

Question 0

Link reaction

Answer 0

In mitochondria

Pyruvate
⬇️(CO2 removed)(reduced NAD forms)
Acetate 
⬇️ (CoA)
Acetyl CoA

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

Cytoplasm of cell
Aerobic+anaerobic- no O2 needed

1)Phosphorylation:
glucose
⬇️ (2 ATP used)
2TP

2)Oxidation:
2TP
⬇️(4 ATP+2Reduced NAD formed)
2Pyruvate

Question 2

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

Alcoholic fermentation:
Pyruvate 
⬇️(CO2 removed)
️Ethanal 
⬇️(reduced NAD into NAD)
Ethanol 

Lactate fermentation:
Pyruvate
⬇️ (reduced NAD into NAD)
Lactate

Regenerates NAD - glycolysis still occurs

Question 3

Krebs cycle

Answer 3

Matrix of mitochondria

Acetyl CoA (2C)+ Oxaloacetate (4C)

⬇️ (CoA goes back)

Citrate (6C)

⬇️(CO2andH+removed=reduced NAD)

5C compound

⬇️1reduced FAD form ⬇️2reduced NAD form
⬇️CO2 removed and ADP+Pi =ATP

Oxaloacetate

Question 4

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 4

•Reduced NAD+FAD supply H=H+,e-
•e- move along carrier chain losing energy
•Energy used to move H+ from mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space - electrochemical gradient
•H+ move along gradient - via ATP synthase- chemiosmosis
•O2 final electron acceptor:
O2+ H+ + e- = H2O