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Chemistry > 3.3.9- Carboxlyic Acids And Esters > Flashcards

3.3.9- Carboxlyic Acids And Esters Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Basic structure of carboxylic acid

A

Draw

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2
Q

Basic structure of ester

A

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3
Q

What strength are carboxylic acids

A

Weak acids

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4
Q

What happens when carboxylic acid react with carbonates

A

Produce CO2

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5
Q

Show basic equation for making an ester

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol – ester and water

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6
Q

Show the reaction to make ethyl propanoate

A

Propanoic acid + ethanol – ethyl propanoate + water

CH3CH2COOH + CH3CH2OH– CH3CH2COOCH2CH3

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7
Q

What are the conditions needed for esterfication

A

Strong acid catalyst -H2SO4

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8
Q

Uses of esters

A

Food flavourings
Solvents
Plasticisers

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9
Q

General structure of oils and fats

A

Draw

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10
Q

What are oils /fats hydrolysed to

A

Form propan-1,2,3-triol

Which is glycerol and carboxylic acids

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11
Q

Draw the hydrolysis if oils/fats

A

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12
Q

How do you make soap

A

Heat oil with concentrated sodium hydroxide produces glycerol and sodium salt of carboxylic acids

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13
Q

What are sodium salts

A

Soaps

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14
Q

Show equation to make soap

A

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15
Q

Show equation to make biodiesel

A

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16
Q

What is Acylation

A

The insertion of an Acyl group into a compound

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17
Q

What is the Acyl group

A

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18
Q

Basic structure of acid anhydride

A

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19
Q

Basic structure of Acyl chloride

A

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20
Q

Basic structure of amides

A

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21
Q 
In nucleophilic addition elimination what are the products of 
Water 
Alcohols 
Ammonia 
Amines
A

Carboxylic acids
Esters
Amides
N-substituted amides

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22
Q

Draw the mechanism of Acyl chloride with water

A

Draw

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23
Q

Draw the mechanism of Acyl chloride with alcohols

A

Draw

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24
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acyl chloride with amine

A

Draw

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25
Draw Acylation mechanism for Acyl chloride with ammonia
Draw
26
What does a second mole of amine make in Acylation
RNH3+Cl-
27
What does a second mile of ammonia make in Acylation
Makes NH4+ Cl-
28
Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with water
Draw
29
Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with alcohol
Draw
30
Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with amine
Draw
31
Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with ammonia
Draw
32
What does second mole of amine make in Acylation with anhydrides
R1C=O | O-N+H3R2
33
What does second mole of ammonia make in Acylation with acid anhydride
R1C=O | O-NH4+
34
What is more useful in industry ethanoic anhydride or ethanoyl chloride
Ethanoic anhydride
35
Why is ethanoic anhydride more useful than ethanoyl chloride in industry
Cheaper Less corrosive Less vulnerable to hydrolysis Less dangerous reaction
36
What is ethanoic anhydride and ethanoyl chloride used to make
Fibres | Aspirin
37
Why is ethanoyl chloride more useful in laboratory’s thank ethanoic anhydride
More reactive | Cleaner product and reaction
38
What does benzene look like
Draw
39
Molecular formula of benzene
C6H6
40
Structure of benzene
Planar
41
Bond length of benzene
Intermediate between single and double
42
Explain the bonds in benzene
Each C bonded to 2 other C and 1 H so 1 unused electron Unused electron is perpendicular to plane in p orbital P orbitals overlap to form pi bonds negative charge above and below
43
What makes benzene even more stable
The electrons are delocalised so travel through whole system repelling each other making extra stable
44
What was the proposed structure of benzene and what would it be called
Draw | Triene
45
Evidence against triene
1)C-C bond length All the bonds are same length on triene there not 2) addition reactions Benzene does not readily undergo these reactions (de colourising bromine water ) where as triene would 3) enthalpy of hydrogenation Expect triene to react with 3H2 to form cyclohexane releasing 360KJ/mol(3x120) it only release 208 showing benzene is 152 more stable than triene extra stability because is delocalised electrons
46
What is extra stability called in benzene
Delocalisation stability
47
What is aromatic ring attacked by and why
Electrophile because is very electron rich
48
What reaction does and dosent benzene go through and why
Does go through substitution because h atom replaced but not addition as would lose delocalisation and extra stability
49
Reagents and conditions needed for nitration
Conc HNO3 and conc H2SO4 50C
50
Nitration generation of electrophile
HNO3+ H2SO4– NO2+ + 2HSo4- +H3O+
51
Nitration mechanism
Draw
52
Regeneration of catalyst
H++ HSO4- — H2SO4
53
Conditions for Friedel Crafts Acylation and why
Need alcl3 and anhydrous (water has lone pairs )
54
Generation of electrophile in acyl chloride mechanism
Draw
55
Friedel Crafts Acylation Acyl chloride mechanism
Draw
56
Friedel Crafts Acylation regeneration of catalyst Acyl chloride
Draw
57
Friedel Crafts acid anhydride generation of electrophile
Draw
58
Friedel Crafts acid anhydride mechanism
Draw
59
Friedel Crafts acid anhydride regeneration of catalyst
Draw
60
Importance of nitration
1) manufactures of explosives | 2) production of aromatic amines by reduction armotic nitro compound use Sn and HCl

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