GA - Mihaila - 2/9 - Abdominal Wall & Peritoneal Cavity

Question 1

List boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 1

• superior: costal margin

- inferior: inguinal ligament

Question 2

List boundaries of the abdominal cavity

Answer 2

• superior: diaphragm

- inferior: pelvic inlet

Question 3

What is the line alba (white line)?

Answer 3

Line between xiphoid process and pubic symphisis, formed by the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles

Question 4

What lies deep to the aponeurosis of the tranversus abdominis muscle?

Answer 4

Fascia transversalis

Question 5

The superficial fascia can be divided into ___

Answer 5

1. a superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fatty layer)
   and
2. a deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s membranous layer)

Question 6

Surgeons use various incisions to enter the abdominal cavity. How are the incisions made that usually result in the best cosmetic result?

Answer 6

Along the natural tension (Langer’s) lines of the skin, which are very constant and run almost horizontally around the body wall.

Question 7

Who lives in the UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT?

Answer 7

1. Liver
2. Gallbladder
3. Stomach antrum
4. Duodenum
5. Right kidney
6. Right adrenal (suprarenal) 7. Pancreas (head)
7. Colon (hepatic flexure)
8. IVC

Question 8

Who lives in the UPPER LEFT QUADRANT?

Answer 8

1. Abdominal esophagus
2. Stomach fundus
3. Spleen
4. Left kidney
5. Left adrenal (suprarenal) 6. Abdominal aorta
6. Pancreas (body, tail)
7. Part of jejunum
8. Colon (splenic flexure)

Question 9

Who lives in the LOWER LEFT QUADRANT?

Answer 9

1. Part of jejunum
2. Part of ileum
3. Descending colon
4. Sigmoid colon
5. Left ureter

Question 10

Who lives in the LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT?

Answer 10

1. Ileum
2. Ascending colon
3. Cecum
4. Appendix
5. Right ureter

Question 11

What are Caput medusae?

Answer 11

A condition following an obstruction of the portal vein (portal hypertension) in which the paraumbilical veins (superficial veins), will serve as an avenue of collateral venous return

Question 12

The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves are branches of the ___ plexus

Answer 12

lumbo-sacral

Question 13

List the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall. What do they supply?

Answer 13

T 7 – L1 spinal nerves

Question 14

The subdivisions of the small intestine are ___

Answer 14

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 15

Together, the __1__ ligament and the __2__ ligament form the __3__ omentum

Answer 15

1. hepatogastric
2. hepatoduodenal
3. lesser

Question 16

What is a mesentery? Give some examples.

Answer 16

Peritoneal fold that connects a viscera with posterior abdominal wall (transverse mesocolon, small intestine mesentery).

Question 17

State the retroperitoneal organs. How is the peritoneum located in relation with them?

Answer 17

• Organs are retroperitoneal if they have peritoneum on their anterior side only. Structures that are not suspended by mesentery in the abdominal cavity and that lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall are classified as retroperitoneal.

Mnemonic:

S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A: aorta/IVC
D: duodenum (second and third part)
P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys
E: esophagus
R: rectum