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Spring 2015: Clinical Conditions 2 > Week 5: Low Vision > Flashcards

Week 5: Low Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Unimpaired vision has the visual acuity of?

A

20/20

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2
Q

This the term for the measure of how clearly we see?

A

Visual Acuity

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3
Q

This is the term for a visual impairment significant enough to interfere with performance of daily occupations but with some use of the vision that is left (functional vision) that can be used to perform tasks?

A

Low Vision

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4
Q

What is legal blindness?

A

When a person has visual acuity with best correction of 20/200 or worse in the better eye
OR
Field of vision is restricted to 20 degrees or less in both eyes

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5
Q

T/F most people who are blind have minimal to no functional vision?

A

False, only about 25%

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6
Q

Low vision can be caused by?

A

Eye condiitons
Aging
Trauma
Environment

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7
Q

T/F: Low Vision and Blindness are the same?

A

False

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8
Q

T/F: As an OT, we will typically see a client whose vision issue is their sole diagnosis?

A

False; usually goes along with another diagnosis

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9
Q

T/F: Low vision is not a natural part of aging?

A

True

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10
Q

How do most people develop low vision?

A

Eye disease (due to lifestyle choices or environments)

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11
Q

Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD/ARMD), Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts are examples of?

A

Eye Diseases

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12
Q

This is the white part of the eye?

A

Sclera

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13
Q

This is the clear face of the eyeball that allows light to enter the eye and directs it towards the retina?

A

Cornea

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14
Q

The uvea or vascular layer includes what 3 structures?

A
  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary Body
  3. Iris
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15
Q

This is the posterior part of the eye that supplies nutrients to the retina and removes the waste?

A

Choroid

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16
Q

This is the structure that controls the movement of fluid in the eye and out of the eye?

A

Ciliary Body

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17
Q

This is the colored part of the eye?

A

Iris

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18
Q

Sclera and Cornea make up which layer of the eye?

A

Outermost

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19
Q

The Choroid, Ciliary Body, and Iris make up which layer of the eye?

A

Middle

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20
Q

This is a layer of nerve cells that line the inside of the eyeball that can sense light; it receives visual messages and transmits the message to axons that make up the optic nerve to the brain?

A

Retina

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21
Q

The retina makes up which layer of the eye?

A

Innermost

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22
Q

The center of the retina is known as the?

A

Macula

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23
Q

The very center part of the macula?

A

Fovea

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24
Q

This area of the eye has a high concentration of cone cells for detailed vision and color vision?

A

Retina

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25
Q

These cells provide peripheral and night vision?

A

Rods

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26
Q

These cells provide central and color vision?

A

Cones

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27
Q

What is the most important area of the eye for seeing fine details and distances?

A

Retina

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28
Q

T/F: the lens is vascularized?

A

False

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29
Q

What structure helps focus light rays onto the retina?

A

Lens

30
Q

What structure helps the lens change its shape?

A

Ciliary Body

31
Q

What is the transparent gel that fills the eye?

A

Vitreous Humor

32
Q

What is the Visual Pathway?

A

Optic Nerve –> Optic Chiasm –> Optic Tract –> LGN –> Occipital Lobe/Primary Visual Cortex

33
Q

What is a “refractive error” of the eye?

A

when the optical system doesn’t focus properly

34
Q

What is myopia?

A

Nearsightedness

Meaning that they have issues with seeing far; the image falls in front of the retina

35
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Farsightedness

Meaning that they have issues seeing close up; the image falls behind the retina

36
Q

This condition can occur when the front surface of the eye, the cornea, is irregular in shape and prevents light from focusing properly on the retina causing things to be blurred at a distance?

A

Astigmatism

37
Q

Hyperopia, Myopia, and Astigmatism are examples of what?

A

Refractive Errors in Vision

38
Q

How are refractive errors fixed (3)?

A

Glasses
Contact Lenses
Surgery

39
Q

The term for the level of detail which people see objects?

A

Acuity

40
Q

The term fir the total area one sees in a single view without turning the head?

A

Visual Field

41
Q

This is the term for the ability to distinguish between shade of dark and light?

A

Contrast Sensitivity

42
Q

This is the term for the ability to regulate light coming into the eye and control glare?

A

Glare Modulation

43
Q

This is the term for the ability to correctly process and interpret information the brain receives from both eyes?

A

Visual Perception

44
Q

What does OD stand for?

A

Right eye

45
Q

What does OS stand for?

A

Left eye

46
Q

What does OU stand for?

A

Both eyes

47
Q

What does VA stand for?

A

Visual Acuity

48
Q

This level of vision is required to pass driver’s tests and is the level that most printed material is at?

A

Near Normal

49
Q

This level of vision is when there in no light perception?

A

Blindness

50
Q

This is the term for the capacity to distinguish between similar shade of light and dark?

A

Contrast discrimination

51
Q

T/F Interpretation errors are purely a vision issue?

A

False, a visual perceptual function can be effected as well

52
Q

The pattern of vision loss that results from macular degeneration?

A

Central VF

53
Q

The pattern of vision loss that results from Glaucoma or Retinitis Pigmentosa?

A

Peripheral VF

54
Q

The pattern of vision loss that results from CVA?

A

Hemifield

55
Q

The pattern of vision loss that results from Cataracts, Diabetic Retinopathy, AIDS, etc.?

A

Full VF

56
Q

This is a disease of the lens that makes it cloudy?

A

Cataracts

57
Q

T/F: Cataracts are common with aging?

A

True

58
Q

This is a disease that is progressive damage to the optic nerve usually resulting in the buildup of fluid pressure inside the eye?

A

Glaucoma

59
Q

Treatment for Glaucoma?

A

Eye drops
Medication
Laser Treatment
Surgery

60
Q

This disease is characterized by fluid and blood leaking into the retina and macula causing retinal contraction/detachment?

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

61
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy puts a person at risk for what two diseases?

A

Cataracts

Glaucoma

62
Q

What are common symptom seen in diabetic retinopathy?

A

near vision distorted and visual field blurring or obstruction

63
Q

This disease is characterized by progressive loss of central vision from scarring or atrophy of the macula?

A

Age related macular degeneration (ARMD/AMD)

64
Q

Difficulty reading, color vision reduction, and increased need for light are commonly seen in which disease?

A

ARMD

65
Q

Which kind of ARMD is more common?

A

Dry

66
Q

This type of ARMD progresses slowly and causes subtle vision changes?

A

Dry

67
Q

T/F: there are no treatments for Dry ARMD?

A

True

68
Q

This type of ARMD is due to leaking blood vessels that have grown under the retina?

A

Wet

69
Q

What is a scotoma?

A

A large dark spot appearing in central vision

70
Q

Treatment for Wet ARMD?

A
  • Laser photocoagulation that destroys new blood vessels that leak
  • Diet supplements
  • Eye injections
71
Q

This disease us hereditary and progressive; this is characterized by deterioration of the retinal cells and underlying layers?

A

Retinitis Pigmentosis

72
Q

This is characterized by shrinking VF and causing severe limitations in visual function?

A

Retinitis Pigmentosis

Spring 2015: Clinical Conditions 2 (4 decks)

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