3.4 adaptation strategies Flashcards
examples and understanding (20 cards)
what consists of structural adaptations
involves construction f physical structures to ensure water and flood management like:
1. sea walls
2. polders
3. water storage tanks
what does a sea wall do?
prevents water from advancing
and hence leads to protection against coastal flooding
what is a polder?
water from low-lying land gets pumped through a pumping station and up the dyke which acts as a all and the water is then drained at sea level
what does water storage tanks do
store excess stormwater and prevents flooding as it slows down water from rushing into drains/canals
example of polders
in the Netherlands its very common as they have been building them since 12 century and hence it has helped them stay protected from river and coastal flooding
examples of water storage tanks
Stamford detention tank [sg]
it allows excess water to flow and be stored temporarily, once water levels decrease, the water in the tank is released back in the drains
wat are the limitations of structural adaptations?
cost of construction is very high
maintenance cost of maintaining the structures is high
there may be displacement of people living in the coastal areas
what is technological adaptations?
help communities remain food secure despite changing climatic conditions, this increases food security and community resilience
examples of technological adaptations?
Singapore 30 by 30 plane
-aims to increase local food supply to meet 30% of residents by 2030
sg food depends 90% on imports, aims to reduce this reliance
less than 1% of land is available for farming –> funding for development of high-tech farms.
how is high-tech vegetable farms efficient?
monitored remotely to ensure grown in optimal conditions
harvested in shorter amount of time
how is high-tech egg farms efficient?
automated so that eggs can undergo checks faster
manpower can be allocated to other needs on the farm
how is high tech fish farms effective?
high tech water tanks monitor water quality and check for diseases
prevent spread of diseases
limitations of technology?
highly expensive
not all countries have the funding [country specific]
30 by 30- $40mil used to fund 9 farms
what are social adaptations
by raising awareness and educating communities
build community resilience and decrease vulnerability to impacts
examples of social?
in Nepal, to cope with prolonged droughts, communities are taught to plant more drought-resistant crops like apples
in Singapore, public educated on what to do when there is a flash flood or prevention of heat stress and hence reduces risk of injuries
limitations of social impacts
it is hard to change peoples mindsets and behaviors
eg Nepal, prefer to stick to their traditional waysof adapting like temporary migration to find alternative employment
what are institutional adaptations
oraganise strategies on a national or regional scale
allows larger-scale measures which may be impossible for communities on their own due to lack of resources, expertise or funding
what are the national policies
sg has established:
-the ministry of sustainability and the environment [MSE] oversees how sg can be more climate resilient and creates national framework and roadmap for it
-the Centre for Climate Research Singapore[CRRS] conducts research and aims to develop understanding of the changing climate in sg and supports sg’s resilience planning
what are the regional policies
the association of southeast Asian nations[ASEAN] Cooperation on Environment was set up to safeguard the interest of Southeast Asia
ASEAN Climate Outlook forum that enables countries to collaboratively develop climate outlooks –> countries can make decisions to manage ad adapt to climate risks
limitations of institutional
countries have competing national priorities
no sufficient budget to finance adaptation strategies
