3.4 AIDS/Vaccines

Question 1

type ___ hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE

Answer 1

I

Question 2

Type __ hypersensitivity is Organ or cell specific

Answer 2

II

Question 3

_______ is a disease in which a person develops anti-thyroid antibody

Answer 3

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 4

_____ is a disease in which a person develops antibodies to intercellular substance of the epithelium

Answer 4

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 5

______________ is a diseaese in which someone develops antibodies to RBCS

Answer 5

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 6

antibodies to RBC react against the __ antigen expressed by RBC

Answer 6

I

Question 7

____________ is a disease in which someone develops an antibody to basement membrane

Answer 7

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Question 8

__________ is a disease in which a person has an antibody to AcH receptor

Answer 8

Myasthenia gravis

Question 9

what are examples of Type II hypersensitivity diseases?

Answer 9

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
Myasthenia gravis

Question 10

Type ___ hypersensitivity reactions are NON-organ specific

Answer 10

III

Question 11

a type III hypersensitivity disease is _____

Answer 11

Lupus erythematosus

Question 12

Type IV diseases involve ____ and ____

Answer 12

CMI and T-cell mediated diseases

Question 13

in type 1 diabetes,_______________ are destroyed by cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells

Answer 13

Beta cells in islets of Langerhans

Question 14

what is the most common AID?

Answer 14

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 15

what are 2 possible treatments for Type IV hypersensitivity diseases?

Answer 15

1. antibody to TNF-alpha
2. Anti-CD20 antibody

Question 16

which types of hypersensitivity reactions can be associated with autoimmune diseases?

Answer 16

II, III, IV

Question 17

is there a correlation between type I reactions and AIDs?

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

_______ immunity is received when you are exposed to microbe or its products

Answer 18

Active

Question 19

what are the natural and artificial ways you can acquire active acquired immunity?

Answer 19

-Natural: develops after recovering from an infection
-Artificial: intentional administration of toxoids (tetanus)

Question 20

what is the duration of immunity like in killed vaccines vs live vaccines?

Answer 20

-killed vaccines = short lived immunity
- live vaccine = long lived immunity

Question 21

what type of vaccine is dangerous to immunosuppressed people?

Answer 21

live vaccine

Question 22

______ imunity is given through administration of preformed ABs such as anti-toxins or human gammaglobulin

Answer 22

Passive

Question 23

what are the natural and artificial ways you can acquire passive immunity?

Answer 23

-Natural: placental transfer of anti bodies
-Artificial: anti-toxins (tetanus), human gammaglobulin, select monoclonal antibodies

Question 24

is immunity limited or infinite with passive immunity?

Answer 24

limited

Question 25

______ are substances that non-specifically enhance the immune response by:

Answer 25

Adjuvants

Question 26

how do adjuvants work? (2 ways)

Answer 26

- causeProlonged exposure to antigen - Initiating inflammatory response at site of inoculation

Question 27

what are 3 examples of adjuvants?

Answer 27

1. Alum (part of HepB vax) 2. Freunds adjuvant (animal use only) 3. Matrix M (tree bark for COVID19 NOVAvax)

Question 28

______ = donor and recipient are same person

Answer 28

Autograft

Question 29

______ = donor and recipient are genetically identical

Answer 29

Isograft

Question 30

_________ = donor and recipient are of same species but genetically different

Answer 30

Allograft

Question 31

______ = donor and recipient are of different species

Answer 31

Xenograft

Question 32

acute graft rejections are mediated by ______

Answer 32

t-cells

Question 33

hyperacute graft rejections are mediated by ______

Answer 33

antibodies

Question 34

what type of reaction is hyperacute graft rejection an example of?

Answer 34

type II

Question 35

_________occurs when donor lymphocytes in the donor graft attack recipient cells

Answer 35

Graft vs Host disease

Question 36

if you are blood type A, you have __ antibodies, and ___ antigens

Answer 36

Anti-B antibodies A antigen

Question 37

if you are blood type AB, you have __ antibodies, and ___ antigens

Answer 37

NO ANTIBODIES A and B antigens

Question 38

if you are blood type O, you have __ antibodies, and ___ antigens

Answer 38

Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies NO ANTIGENS

Question 39

__________ can occur when a pregnant woman (Rh-) has anti-D/IgG antibody to Rh) and her fetus is _____

Answer 39

Erythroblastosis fetalis, Rh+

Question 40

Rh antigens: found on RBC of ___% population in US

Answer 40

85%