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🥼🧪 > 3.4 chemistry > Flashcards

3.4 chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

pH < 7

A

acidic

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2
Q

pH = 7

A

neutral

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3
Q

pH > 7

A

alkaline

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4
Q

methyl orange: acidic, neutral and alkaline colours:

A

red, yellow and yellow

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5
Q

phenolphthalein: acidic, neutral and alkaline colours:

A

colourless, colourless and pink

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6
Q

red litmus paper: acidic, neutral and alkaline colours:

A

red, red and blue

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7
Q

blue litmus paper: acidic, neutral and alkaline colours:

A

red, blue and blue

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8
Q

what is an indicator

A

it is a substance that changes colour to tell you about the pH of a solutuon

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9
Q

the universal indicator is special because

A

the range of colours tells you the approximate pH

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10
Q

effervescence is

A

the escape of gas from an aqueous solution (salt CARBONATE)

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11
Q

nitrogen % in air

A

N2 = 78%

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12
Q

oxygen % in air

A

O2 = 21%

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13
Q

argon % in air

A

Ar = 0.96%

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14
Q

carbon dioxide % in air

A

CO2 = 0.04%

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15
Q

what is element combustion

A

it’s when an element reacts with oxygen to produce an oxide

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16
Q

sulphur + oxygen -> sulphur dioxide

A

S(s) + O2(g) -> SO2(g) v

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17
Q

sulphur dioxide observation is

A

a blue flame

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18
Q

metal ion of iron(II)

A

Fe2+ ^

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19
Q

metal ion of silver

A

Ag+ ^

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20
Q

metal ion of iron(III)

A

Fe3+ ^

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21
Q

metal ion of zinc

A

Zn2+ ^

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22
Q

metal ion of copper

A

Cu2+ ^

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23
Q

metal ion of lead

A

Pb2+ ^

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24
Q

acid definition

A

H+ donor ^

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25
base definition
H+ acceptor ^
26
alkali definition
OH- donor ^
27
sodium hydroxide + sulphuric acid ->
sodium sulphate + water
28
what is titration
it is a method for making a soluble salt from a soluble base and an acid
29
titration method is used to make salts that contain which ions
sodium Na+ potassium K+ ammonium NH4+
30
why do you use titration method when making salts that contain potassium, sodium or ammonium ions?
because their bases are all soluble so you wouldn’t be able to filter out the excess if you use the insoluble base method
31
what are 3 usual acids
hydrochloric acid • HCl sulphuric acid • H2SO4 nitric acid • HNO3
32
what are 3 usual alkalis
sodium hydroxide • NaOH potassium hydroxide • KOH ammonium hydroxide • NH4OH
33
insoluble base method
1. HEAT sulphuric acid in a beaker 2. whilst stirring with a glass rod ADD copper oxide until NO MORE dissolves 3. let the mixture COOL before FILTERING to remove the excess base (insoluble) 4. let the salt solution COOL DOWN 5. HEAT the salt solution until some crystals start to form 6. allow the solution to COOL in an evaporating basin 7. FILTER out the crystals 8. DRY the crystals by dabbing them with filter paper
34
crystallisation method
5. HEAT the salt solution until some crystals start to form 6. allow the solution to COOL in an evaporating basin 7. FILTER out the crystals 8. DRY the crystals by dabbing them with filter paper
35
short insoluble base words
HEAT ADD NO MORE COOL FILTER COOL DOWN HEAT COOL FILTER DRY
36
short filtering words
HEAT COOL FILTER DRY
37
acid + base (oxide)
insoluble base method
38
acid + alkali (hydroxide)
titration
39
titration method
1. place a known volume of *acid (hydrochloric acid) 2. add a few drops of indicator 3. using a burette start adding *alkali solution (potassium hydroxide) until the colour starts to change 4. stop adding the alkali and measure how much has been added to change the colour 5. repeat the titration but without using the indicator and using a burette to add exactly the right volume to the acid for neutralisation crystallisation!!
40
ammonium ion
NH4+
41
hydroxide ion
OH-
42
nitrate ion
NO3-
43
sulphate ion
SO42-
44
carbonate ion
CO32-
45
hydrocarbonte ion
HCO3-
46
nitric acid
Acid formula: HNO3 Ion formula: NO3- Ion name: Nitrate
47
sulphuric acid
Acid formula: H2SO4 Ion formula: SO42- Ion name: Sulphate
48
phosphoric acid
Acid formula: H3PO4 Ion formula: PO43- Ion name: Phosphate
49
carbonic acid
Acid formula: H2CO3 Ion formula: CO32- Ion name: Carbonate
50
knowing bases
have O or CO (oxides or carbonates)
51
knowing salts
SO4, CL, NO3, PO4, ethanoates + citrates (common acids)
52
knowing alkalis
OH (hydroxide)
53
knowing acids
H2SO4 (sulphuric) HCL (hydrochloric) HNO3 (nitric) H3PO4 (phosphoric) CH3COOOH (ethanoic)
54
what is the formula of strontium chloride
SrCl2
55
what is the formula for potassium nitride
K3N
56
what is the formula for copper (II) oxide
CuO
57
what is the formula for silver (I) chloride
AgCl
58
what’s the formula for chromium (III) oxide
Cr2O3
59
list the properties of ionic compounds and list the reasons for those properties
• they have high m + b points • strong electrostatic forces • a giant lattice structure • forces act in all directions • require a lot of energy to break ________________________________________ • they are soluble in polar substances (like water) • poor conductors when solid (ions in fixed position) • conduct electricity in liquid (ions are free to move)
60
% of oxygen in the atmosphere
burning phosphorus in an evaporating basin in a bell jar which is immersed in a trough of water
61
what are the following four acids: • H2So4 • HNO3 • HCl • H3PO4
sulphuric acid nitric acid hydrochloric acid phosphoric acid

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