3.4 Cognitive Development Across the Lifespan Flashcards
(24 cards)
Cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Jean Piaget
Guy who was interested in children’s mental development and thought of it in stages.
Schemas
a concept or frame work that organizes and interprets information
Assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Parallel Play
children playa adjacent to each other but don’t try to influence another one’s behavior
Object Permanence
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved
Preoperational Stage
in Piaget’s theory, the stage at which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic (from 2 to about 7)
Conservation
the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reason) that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Pretend Play
Stage of play engaged in by children who are capable of assigning action to symbolic objects
Concrete Operational Stage
in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) at which children can perform the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete (actual, physical) events.
Formal Operation
In Paiget’s theory, the stage of of cognitive development(normally beginning about age 12) at which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
Lev Vygotsky
emphasized how the child’s mind grows through interaction with the social-cultural environment.
Personal Fable
teens believing that they are unique and special and what happens to “most people” would never happen to them
Imaginary Audience
Imagining what others are thinking about them.
Sensorimotor Stage
Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
Moral Institutions
quick gut feelings
Dementia
a cognitive disorder that impairs memory, cognition and decisions making.
Accommodation
in developmental psychology adapting our current schemas (understandings) to incorporate new information.
Reversibility
Zone of Proximal Development
the zone between what a child can and can;t do – it’s what they can do with help
Egocentric
In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view
scaffold
In Vygotsky’s theory, a frame work that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
Theory of Mind
people’s idea about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors that might predict.
Terminal Decline
Cognitive decline 3-4 years before someone’s death
