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biology- cell structure > 3.4- Eukaryotic Cell Structure > Flashcards

3.4- Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane surrounding nucleus- controls entry and exit of materials in and out of nucleus

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2
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Allows passage of large molecules eg messenger RNA out of nucleus around 3000 pores in each nucleus

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3
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Jelly like material making up bulk of nucleus

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Consist of protein bound linear DNA

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5
Q

Nucleolus

A

Small spherical region within nucleoplasm- manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes

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6
Q

Does the mitochondria have a double membrane?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Cristae

A

Extensions of the inner membrane of mitochondria- provide large surface area for attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration

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8
Q

Matrix

A

Makes up reminder of mitochondrion- contains protein, lipids, ribosomes and DNA- allows mitochondria to control production of their own proteins- involved respiration

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9
Q

Chloroplast envelope

A

Double plasma membrane surrounds organelle- highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave

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10
Q

Grana

A

Stacks disc structures called thylakoids

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11
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid filled matrix where second stage photosynthesis takes place

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12
Q

How are chloroplasts adapted to their function of harvesting sunlight and carrying out photosynthesis?

A

Granal membranes provide large surface area
Fluid of stroma possesses all enzymes needed to make sugars in 2nd stage photosynthesis
Chloroplasts contain both DNA and ribosomes so they can quickly manufacture proteins

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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

system of sheet like membranes, spreading through cytoplasm

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14
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

ribosomes present on outer surfaces of membranes

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15
Q

functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

a) provide large surface area for synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
b) provide pathway for transport of materials, especially proteins

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16
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

lacks ribosomes on it’s surface, more tubular in appearance

17
Q

functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

a) synthesise, store and transport lipids
b) synthesise store and transport carbohydrates

18
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

series of fluid filled, flattened and curved sacs with vesicles surrounding the edges

19
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus produce?

A

lysosomes

20
Q

What is the job of the Golgi apparatus?

A

processes and packages proteins and lipids

21
Q

when are lysosomes formed ?

A

when vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus contain enzymes such as proteases and lipases

22
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

remove useless and dangerous material e.g bacteria and reuse the useful parts, disposing of only that which cannot be recycled

23
Q

centrioles

A

hollow cylinders, involved in producing spindle fibres for cell division

24
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis, composed of 2 sub units

25
Q

what ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?

A

80S

26
Q

what ribosomes are found in Prokaryotic cells?

A

70S

27
Q

lysosomes

A

vesicles containing digestive enzymes bound by a single membrane

28
Q

What is the cell wall made of ?

A

peptidoglycan

29
Q

capsule

A

protective slimy layer which helps cell to retain moisture and adhere to surfaces

30
Q

pili

A

hair like structures which attach to other bacterial cells

31
Q

mesosomes

A

Infoldings of the inner membrane which contain enzymes required for respiration

32
Q

function of vacuole

A

support plants, make turgid
sugars and amino acids make temporary food store
pigments may color petals to attract pollinating insects

33
Q

what is the name of the single membrane surrounding the vacuole?

A

tonoplast

biology- cell structure (7 decks)

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