Chapter 6 Orthopedics

Question 1

bone scan

Answer 1

scan using radioactive dye to visualize bone; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer

Question 2

closed fracture

Answer 2

broken bone with no open skin wound (simple fracture)

Question 3

comminuted fracture

Answer 3

bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments

Question 4

compound fracture

Answer 4

broken bone with open skin wound (open fracture)

Question 5

compression fracture

Answer 5

bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body

Question 6

contracture

Answer 6

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle

Question 7

dislocation

Answer 7

bone in joint are displaced from normal alignment and end of bones are no longer in contact with each other

Question 8

fibromyalgia

Answer 8

chronic condition with widespread aching pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

Question 9

fixation

Answer 9

procedure to stabilize fractured bone while it heals

Question 10

greenstick fracture

Answer 10

fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and the other side only bends

Question 11

herniated nucleus pulposus

Answer 11

protrusion of the intervertebral disc between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves (herniated or ruptured disk)

Question 12

impacted fracture

Answer 12

fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

Question 13

kyphosis

Answer 13

abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine (hunch back or humpback)

Question 14

lordosis

Answer 14

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine (swayback)

Question 15

muscle atrophy

Answer 15

loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease or lack of use (muscle wasting)

Question 16

muscular dystrophy

Answer 16

a group of inherited disease involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness and atrophy

Question 17

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 17

Large group of drugs that provide mil pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

Question 18

Oblique fracture

Answer 18

Bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone

Question 19

Orthosis

Answer 19

External applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities

Question 20

Osteoarthritis

Answer 20

Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint

Question 21

Pathologic fracture

Answer 21

Bone breaking caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

Question 22

Prosthesis

Answer 22

Any artificial device used as substitute for body part that is either missing from birth or lost as the result of an accident

Question 23

Radiography

Answer 23

Diagnostic imaging procedure using X-Rays to see internal structure of body

Question 24

Reduction

Answer 24

Correcting fracture or dislocation by realigning bone

Question 25

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 25

Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joint caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation

Question 26

Scoliosis

Answer 26

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Question 27

Spasm

Answer 27

Sudden involuntary strong muscle contraction

Question 28

Spina bifida

Answer 28

Birth defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord ranges from mild to severe, if cord is damaged, paralysis result

Question 29

Spiral fracture

Answer 29

Bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone, caused by twisting injury, often slower to heal than other types of fractures

Question 30

Sprain

Answer 30

Damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or over stretching

Question 31

Stress fracture

Answer 31

A slight bone break cause by repetitive low impact forces

Question 32

Total hop arthroplasty

Answer 32

Surgically reconstruction of the hip with artificial hip joint

Question 33

Total knee arthroplasty

Answer 33

Surgical reconstruction of knee joint with artificial knee joint

Question 34

Transverse fracture

Answer 34

Bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone