Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Brain and Cranial Nerves Part 1 > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Brain

A
  • 2% of body weight
  • 20% available oxygen & glucose at rest
  • very metabolically active organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blood flow to & from brain

A
  • Blood flows to the brain through the internal carotid and vertebral arteries
  • blood flows away from the brainand back towards the heart through the internal jugular veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major divisions of the brain (6)

A 
brainstem
1. medualla oblongata
2. pons
3. midbrain
brainstem 
4. cerebellum
5. diencephalone
6. cerebrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The brain is protected by:

A
  1. Bones (skull + facial bones)
  2. fluid (cerebrospinal fluid)
  3. tissue/membranes (blood-brain) barrier and the meninges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood brain barrier

A
  • formed by astrocytes

- prevents the uncontrolled passage of substances dissolved in, or carried by, the blood to the brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protective convering of the brain

A
  • menunges
    • dura mater
    • arachnoid mater
    • pia mater
  • CSF (curculates in subarachnoid space)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Areas in which dura matter ectends into brain tissue to seperate brain into various parts

A
  1. Falx Cerebri - separates 2 hemipheres of the cerebrum
  2. falx cerebelli - separates 2 hemipheres of the cerebellum.
  3. tentorium cerebelli - separates cerebellum from the cerbrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cerebrospinal Fluid (CFS)

A
  • formed by separating some fluid from the blood
  • circulates in the subarachnoid space around the brain and the spinal cord
  • layer of protection for brain
  • cushions + helps brain “float” within brain case
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 ventricles of the brain

A
  • lateral ventricles (2)
  • third ventricle
  • fourth ventricle

*ventricles are spaces in the brain filled with CFS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood cerebrospinal fluid barriers

A
  • physical barrier that selectively prevents certain substances from freely leaving the blood plasma and entering the CSF
  • analogous to the BBB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CSF circulated by:

Lateral Ventricle

A
  • CSF formed here

- flows downward cia 2 small openings known as interventricular foramina to the third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CSF circulated by

Third Ventricle

A

from there, it flows downward further via the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CSF Circulation

Fourth Ventricle

A

from 4th ventricle it flows to:
1 - median aperture
2 - paired lateral apertures then to subarachnoid space
3 - central canal of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CSF circulation

After 4thy ventricle

A
  • arachnoid villi return fluid volume of CFS to the blood circulatory system
  • arachnoid villi are slender projections of the arachnoid mater that project into the superior sagittal sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

condition where
additional fluid and pressure
build up, due to an abnomally
large production of CSF or a block in the drainage of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • joins brain to spinal cord
  • lowest portion of the brain
  • white & grey matter –> RETICULAR FORMATION
  • contains nuclei called cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control centers (vital Centers)
17
Q

Cardiac control Centre

A

Regulates the rate of the hearts contractions

18
Q

Respiratory control center

A
  • works with pons to control the rate and depth of breathing

- involved in coughing and sneezing reflexes

19
Q

Vasomotor control centre

A

controls the diameter of blood vessels

20
Q

the pons

A
  • composed of white + grey matter
  • reticular formation extends through pons
  • controls rate + depth of breathing
  • plays a role in relaying voluntary motor signals.
21
Q

Midbrain

A
  • composed of white matter, grey matter + reticular formation
  • 2 nuclei of interest: substantia nigro
  • -> release dopamine + influence subconcious muscle activities
    • parkinson’s
  • reflex centres for head/eye and body movements in response to combinations of visual and auditory stimuli
22
Q

Reticular Formation (reticular activating system)

A
  • Reticular activating system influences the relative state of alertness of the brain
  • attention centre of the brain
  • damage to this area can result in unconsciousness/ coma
23
Q

Sleep

A

produced when there is a decline of activity level in the reticular activating system (RAS)

24
Q

Reticular for mation connects to

A

various centres in the hypothalamus, cerebrum and cerebellum

25
Q

motor function of R.F.

A

Regulates muscle tone

provides slight degree of contraction in skeletal muscle’s thats required to keep their tone

From Flashcardlet (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions