3.4.2 DNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

True or false, all types of RNA are single stranded

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which type of RNA has an anticodon

Answer 2

tRNA

Question 3

Which is longer out of an mRNA molecule or a tRNA molecule

Answer 3

mRNA is longer than tRNA

Question 4

Which out of mRNA and tRNA has an amino acid binding site

Answer 4

tRNA

Question 5

Hat shape is a tRNA molecule

Answer 5

Clover-leaf

Question 6

Which type of RNA molecule is a clover-leaf shape, has an amino acid binding site, has an anticodon, has hydrogen bonds and is relatively small

Answer 6

tRNA

Question 7

Which comes first out of transcription and translation

Answer 7

Transcription comes first, then translation

Question 9

Where does transcription occur

Answer 9

In the nucleus

Question 10

Where does translation occur

Answer 10

On the ribosomes (either free ribosomes or on the rER)

Question 11

What is produced after transcription

Answer 11

pre-mRNA (in eukaryotes)
mRNA (in prokaryotes)

Question 12

What is produced in translation

Answer 12

A polypeptide chain

Question 13

What is the process where mRNA is produced from pre-mRNA

Answer 13

Splicing

Question 14

What enzyme is involved in transcription

Answer 14

DNA polymerase

Question 15

Transcription is the production of …from…

Answer 15

mRNA
DNA

Question 16

Describe the process of transcription (producing mRNA from DNA)

Answer 16

1) RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the start of the gene
2) RNA polymerase locally unwinds the DNA helix to expose the nucleotide bases
3) One strand of the DNA is used as a template to make pre-mRNA
4) The RNA nucleotides bind to the exposed nucleotides on the DNA template strand by complementary base pairing
5) RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand and forms Phosphodiester bonds between the RNA nucleotides

Question 17

Which out of introns and exons on the pre-mRNA code for a sequence of amino acids

Answer 17

Only the exons code for a sequence of amino acids
Introns are removed from the pre-mRNA through splicing to produce mRNA

Question 19

Describe the process of translation

Answer 19

1) An mRNA strand attaches to a ribosome
2) The ribosome moves to the start codon AUG
3) A tRNA carries a specific amino acid
4) A tRNA hat has an anticodon (UAC) binds to the (AUG) codon on the mRNA in the ribosome by complementary base pairing
5) Another amino acid tRNA anticodon binds to the next amino acid codon along (2 binding sites for tRNAs are present in the ribosome)
6) The amino acid from the first tRNA is transferred to the 2nd amino acid tRNA in the ribosome forming a peptide bond by condensation
7) ATP is used for peptide bond formation and to move the ribosome one codon along
8) The process continues until a stop codon is reached