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Chemistry > 3.4.3 Acids, bases and alkalis > Flashcards

3.4.3 Acids, bases and alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

An H+ donor

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2
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An OH- donor

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

An H+ acceptor

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4
Q

Acid or alkali (or base) describe a substance in terms of…

A

…ions

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5
Q

Acidic or alkaline describes a solution in terms of…

A

…pH

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6
Q

When an acid dissolves, what happens?

A

Acids dissolve and then donate (release) H+ ions into the water. This is what cause the solution to have a pH < 7 and for it to be labelled “acidic”.

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7
Q

When an alkali dissolves, what happens?

A

Alkalis dissolve and then donate (release) OH- ions into the water. This is what causes the solution to have a pH > 7 and for it to be labelled “alkaline”.

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8
Q

When a base dissolves, what happens?

A

Bases dissolve and then accept (take) H+ ions from the H2O molecule. But when an H2O molecule loses an H+ ion, what’s leftover is an OH- ion. It’s these OH- ions that cause the solution to have a pH > 7 and for it to be labelled “alkaline”.

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9
Q

What is the formula of Hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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10
Q

What is the formula of Nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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11
Q

What is the formula of Sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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12
Q

What is the formula of Phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

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13
Q

What is the formula of Carbonic acid?

A

H2CO3

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14
Q

What is the formula of Sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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15
Q

What is the formula of Potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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16
Q

What is the formula of Ammonium hydroxide?

A

NH4OH

17
Q

What are all SOLUBLE metal hydroxides?

A

Alkalis

18
Q

What is the formula of Ammonia?

A

NH3

19
Q

What are all metal oxides?

A

Bases

20
Q

What are all metal hydroxides?

A

Bases

21
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

A polyatomic ion is an ion that contains more than one atom.

22
Q

When multiplying a polyatomic what should you do?

A

Use brackets

Chemistry (36 decks)

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