acid base 3

Question 1

what are the immediate intracellular buffers for respiratory acidosis

Answer 1

intracellular buffers (phosphate, proteins, hemoglobin)

Question 2

for every 10 mm Hg increase in pCO2 how much should bicarb increae by

Answer 2

by 40

Question 3

what causes acute respiratory alkalosis

Answer 3

hyperventilation with no time for bicarb elimination to increae

Question 4

what are the etiologies of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 4

1. central stimulation of respiration (anxiety, pain, fever, pregnancy)
2. peripheral stimulation of respiration (PE and asthma)
3. hypoxemia or tissue hypoxemia

Question 5

what are 5 causes of hypoxemia

Answer 5

1. high altitude
2. PE
3. pneumonia
4. pulmonary edema
5. severe anemia

Question 6

what are the CNS signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 6

light headed, confused, seizures

Question 7

how long does it take for kidney compensation increase of HCO3- for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 7

6 hours to start, one day to completely compensate

Question 8

what are the steps of treating respiratory alkalosis

Answer 8

1. correct underlying cause (anxiety attack)
2. rebreathing device (e.g. paper bag)
3. O2 if severe hypoxia
4. sedation, paralyisis, or mech ventilation if needed