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Laura MSK UL > MSK S5 - Elbow joint and fractures > Flashcards

MSK S5 - Elbow joint and fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

hinge

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2
Q

Where is the olecrannon fossa found?

A

On the posterior side of the humerus, just above the trochlea

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3
Q

On which bone is the olecrannon found? Where abouts?

A

The ular. It is the bit that sticks out at the top. See picture

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4
Q

Which is the bone - the radius or the ulna - that crosses over the other/

A

The radius crosses over the ulna

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5
Q

One which bone do you find the radial notch?

A

The ulnar

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6
Q

Which part of the clavicle sticks out?

A

The bit closest to the sternum

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7
Q

Which part is higher up in the clavicle?

A

The bit furthest away from the sternum

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8
Q

On which bone do you find the coronoid process?

A

The ulnar

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9
Q

The ulnar ‘meets with’ the humerus at two different points, what are these?

A

The coronoid fossa and the olecrannon fossa

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10
Q

To which fossa does the radius insert into the humerus?

A

The radial fossa

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11
Q

What are the muscles which produce hinge movement of the elbow?

A

Biceps brachii, triceps brachii and brachioradialis

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12
Q

What are the properties of the capsule of the elbow?Why is this important?

A

It is weak anteriorly and posteriorly which allows for flexion and extension

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13
Q

What is the role of the collateral ligaments of the elbow?

A

The strengthen the joint at the sides

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14
Q

The synovial membrane that is found at the elbow joint lines what?

A

The fibrous capsule over the elbow and radioulnar joint and the humeus

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15
Q

What are the 3 bands of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

The anterior cord like band, the posterior fan like bad and the oblique band

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16
Q

Which out of the 3 bands of the ulnar is the strongest?

A

The anterior

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17
Q

What is the role of the oblique band of the ulna collateral ligament?

A

It deepens the socket for the trochlea

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18
Q

What are the properties of the radial collateral ligament?

A

It is fanlike and blends with the annular ligament

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19
Q

Around which bone does the annular ligament lie?

A

The radius

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20
Q

What is the role of he annular ligament?

A

It prevents subluxation of the radius

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21
Q

How does the annular ligament attach to the ulna?

A

Anterior and posteriorly to its radial notch

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22
Q

What is dislocation?

A

The complete loss of contact of the joint surfaces

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23
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Partial dislocation of a joint, so that the bone ends are misaligned but still in contact

24
Q

What is pulled elbow?

A

When the head of the radius subluxates from the annular ligament

25
Q

Who is pulled elbow most common in and why?

A

Children. Because the annular ligament hasn’t adopted its funnel like arrangement and because in children ligaments tend to be much stretchier.

26
Q

What is the bursa called that is found at the end of the biceps brachii?

A

Subtendinous olecrannon bursa

27
Q

When an artery turns back and travels in the opposite direction what is it said to be? Which artery does this in the elbow?

A

A recurrent branch. The ulnar artery

28
Q

What is the blood supply of the elbow?

A

Recurrent branches of the ulnar, radial and interosseous arteries

29
Q

What are arterial anastomoses?

A

The reconnection of two arteries which have previously branched out

30
Q

What is the interosseous membrane?

A

The joint found between the radius and the ulnar

31
Q

What are the 3 joints between the radius and the ulnar?

A

The proximal radioulnar, the interosseuos membrance and the distal radioulnar.

32
Q

What type of joint is the intersseous membrane?

A

A fibrous joint

33
Q

Which is the shorter bone, the radius or the ulnar?

A

The radius

34
Q

During pronation on what does the head of the radius pivot?

A

On the capitulum of the humerus

35
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

A pivot

36
Q

What is the role of the interosseous membrane?

A

It allows districution of force from the radius to the ulna

37
Q

Where is the ulnar notch found?

A

On the distal end of the radius

38
Q

What is the role of the articular disk and where is it found?

A

It separates the cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist cavity.

39
Q

What is the sacciform recess and what does it enable?

A

It is a free space available for use. Extension of the syovial membrane. It allows twisting of the capsule at the distal and proximal radioulnar joints.

40
Q

Which muscles enable movement of the radioulnar joints?

A

Supinator, biceps brachii, pronator quadratus and pronator teres

41
Q

Where are the sacciform recesses found?

A

On the neck of the radius and at the distal radius and ulna (superiorly form articular disk)

42
Q

What bones are involved in the formation of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum

43
Q

What limits aBduction of the wrist?

A

The radial styloid process

44
Q

What is aBduction of the wrist?

A

The movement of the wrist away from the midline

45
Q

What are the 3 types of ligaments found in the wrist joint?

A

Collateral ligaments, palmar radiocarpal and dorsal radiocarpal

46
Q

What is the role of palmar radiocarpal ligaments?

A

Ensure the hand follows the radius during supination

47
Q

What is the role of doral radiocarpal ligaments?

A

Ensure hand follows radius during pronation

48
Q

What type of fracture is a colles’ fracture?

A

A distal radius fracture

49
Q

What happens to the radius in a colles fracture?

A

There is posterior displacement of the distal fragment of the radius

50
Q

When does a colles fracture occur?

A

When someone falls on an outstretched hand

51
Q

Who is more likely to suffer from a colles fracture?

A

An elderly person

52
Q

What is the way of describing a colles fracture?

A

A bit like a dinner fork

53
Q

What is the role of the annular ligament?

A

It keeps the radius in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.

54
Q

How can fracture to the scaphoid occur?

A

By falling on an outstretched hand

55
Q

What effects can a fractured scaphoid have?

A

Avascular necrosis of the scaphoid bone and tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox

56
Q

What bone is not part of the wrist joint?

A

The ulnar

Laura MSK UL (19 decks)

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