3.4.4 - Respiration Flashcards
(27 cards)
Hydrolysis definition
The addition of water to break down molecules
Reduction definition
The removal of oxygen from a molecule OR the addition of hydrogen/ electrons to a molecule
Oxidation definition
The addition of oxygen to a molecule OR removal of hydrogen/ elections to a molecule
Redox reaction definition
A chemical reaction that involves simultaneous oxidation and reduction
Phosphorylation definition
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule
Coenzyme definition
A non-protein, organic molecule, essential for normal functioning of an enzyme
Activation energy definition
The energy needed to start a reaction, enzymes lower this
Differences between aerobic/ anaerobic respiration
Aerobic = requires oxygen, produces more ATP than anaerobic Anaerobic = doesn't require oxygen, produces less ATP and doesn't need a mitochondria
Why does the cell store energy at ATP?
ATP can be easily hydrolysed to release energy, cannot pass out of the cell and stores/ releases energy in small amounts
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm of all living cells
Chemicals needed for glycolysis?
Glucose
2 NAD
2 ATP
Chemicals produced in glycolysis?
2 pyruvate
4 ATP
2 NADH
Respiration definition
Controlled release of energy/ ATP from organic molecules
4 stages of aerobic respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Link reaction
- Kerbs cycle
- Electron transport chain
Respiration word equation?
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+38ATP)
Products of anaerobic respiration?
For plants: Ethanol + CO2 + NAD
For animals: Lactate + NAD
Link reaction equation?
Pyruvate + NAD + CoA –> AcetylCoA + NADH + CO2
Where does the link reaction occur?
The matrix of the mitochondria
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
The matrix of the mitochondria
Krebs cycle process?
Starts with a 4 carbon molecule
AcetylCoA is joined, to form a 6 carbon molecule
The 6 carbon molecule has 2 CO2 leave, as well as NADH, FADH and ATP produced (from NAD, FAD and ADP + Pi)
This occurs 2 rimes for every glucose molecule- they produce 2 pyruvates each
Products from Krebs cycle?
2 ATP
4 CO2
2 NADH
2 FADH
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
Between the matrix of the mitochondria and the inter membrane space
Other name for electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron transport chain process?
The NADH and FADH go to specific binding sites, hydrogen actively transported to intermembrane space
NAD and FAD return to Krebs cycle / link reaction/ glycolysis
The hydrogen ions create a concentration gradient, so diffuse through the ATP synthetase, producing ATP from ADP + Pi
The hydrogen ions combine with the electron that has been transported down the chain and oxygen (the final electron acceptor) producing water
