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USMLE Step 1 > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

atherosclerosis

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2
Q

aortic aneurysm - arch (thoracic)

A

tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

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3
Q

aortic aneursym - asecending aorta

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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4
Q

atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

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5
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell anemia (hgb S)

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6
Q

bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H pylori

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7
Q

bacterial meningitis - adults and elderly

A

Strep pneumo

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8
Q

bacterial meningitis - newborns

A

Group B Strep, E coli

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9
Q

bacterial meningitis - kids

A

Strep pneumo, Neisseria meningitidis

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10
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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11
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von willebrand factor)

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12
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial. metastasis > astrocytoma (including GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma

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13
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial. medulloblastoma (CBL) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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14
Q

breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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15
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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16
Q

breast tumor (benign)

A

fibroadenoma

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17
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma - often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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18
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affects both sides of mitral valve)

19
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium- “ball and valve”)

20
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

21
Q

chronic arrythmia

A

a-fib (high risk of emboli)

22
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

23
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

24
Q

compression fracture

A

osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman, type II: elderly man or woman)

25
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

26
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

27
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome - inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

28
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing), SLE (1st world)

29
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

30
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

31
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

iatrogenic cushing (from corticosteroid therapy), adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma, paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

32
Q

early cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

33
Q

late cyanosis

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

34
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

35
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

36
Q

dementia

A

alzheimer, multiple infarcts

37
Q

DIC

A

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

38
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)

39
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

40
Q

esophageal cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide), adenocarcinoma (US)

41
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

Staph aureus, B cereus

42
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

43
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma (most common in US), cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

44
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

USMLE Step 1 (11 decks)

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