Week 1

Question 1

___ percent of clients require treatment of more than ____ sessions

Answer 1

20-30%, 25

Question 2

Beneficial effects of therapy can be reached in ___, with some improvements evident at the ____ session mark

Answer 2

5-10, 3-5

Question 3

___% of clients relapse within ___

Answer 3

33.3%, 1-2 years

Question 4

Is client outcome largely determined by therapist skill/technique, client variables or extratherapeutic factors?

Answer 4

Client variables and extratherapeutic factors

Question 5

List some ways therapy can be harmful for clients…

Answer 5

Misdiagnosis, reliving trauma, wrong treatment

Question 6

Outline the process of becoming an effective counsellor?

Answer 6

1. Empathy and communication skills
2. Psychologically minded theory and research based problem conceptualisation.
3. Informed choice of action (research and theory)
4. Ongoing supervision
5. Appreciation of complexities

Question 7

Outline some factors that bring about change in a person as a result of therapy

Answer 7

Skill building, dev of a healing relationship, opportunity to talk about problems, provision of support, opportunity to seek expert advice to solve problems.

Question 8

Which therapy is most effective?

Answer 8

All the same effect

Question 9

_____ factors accounts for significant portion of variance in patient outcome

Answer 9

common

Question 10

_____ is the most robust predictor of outcome of client

Answer 10

working alliance

Question 11

List the 4 factors effecting change during therapy

Answer 11

40% extratherapeutic, 30% relationship, 15% placebo, 15% technique

Question 12

List some constituents of a positive working relationship

Answer 12

Positive regard, empathy, management of counter-transferrance, alliance, consensus of goals, collecting client feedback, repairing ruptures, congruence.

Question 13

What are the 3 interdependent components of the working alliance as proposed by Borden?

Answer 13

Bond: positive attachment, including trust, acceptance, and confidence.

Task: Counselling behaviours, interventions and cognitions that form the counselling process.

Goal: Agreed ideal outcomes and priorities.

Question 14

Name some attributes that underlie the Bond component

Answer 14

Empathy, unconditional positive regard, warmth , trustworthiness, genuineness.

Question 15

Name some attributes that underline the Task component

Answer 15

Tasks involved with specific technique. Type of technique not a strong predictor, but differing response of clients is likely due to individual characteristics and perceptions

Question 16

Talk about the goal component

Answer 16

Must have an explicit agreed upon overall goal for therapy

Question 17

Name 3 major areas of focus in contemporary counselling?

Answer 17

Mental health difficulties and disorders, developmental issues, and prevention.

Question 18

List some extra therapeutic factors

Answer 18

Chance events, clients assest (IQ, EQ), Supportive environments

Question 19

List some factors effecting variance in outcome of clients?

Answer 19

Severity of disturbance, motivation, capacity to relate, psychological mindedness, ability to identify a focal problem

Question 20

List some basic microskills of counselling

Answer 20

Attending, active listening, paraphrasing, questions (Open/closed), reflection of feeling, reflection of content

Question 21

What is the single most important factor in determining outcome in therapy?

Answer 21

Clients participation in therapeutic alliance

Question 22

What are the core components of effective therapy, as posited by Carl Rodgers?

Answer 22

Empathy, respect, and genuineness.

Question 23

Some estimates of variance in outcome have put the differences in models account for as low as___ differences in outcome

Answer 23

1%

Question 24

Therapies that involve constant client evaluation of progress, as well as feedback to the client relating such information, provides significantly better outcomes. T/F?

Answer 24

T!

Question 25

Lack of _____ is a good predictor of ____ outcome in therapy

Answer 25

focus/structure, negative

Question 26

There is ____ correlation between the length of treatment and the strength of the alliance

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Some authors consider the ______ as the single most important contributor to outcome

Answer 27

quality of patients participation

Question 28

Human potential for self-healing comes from what sources?

Answer 28

1) Self-generated change and spontaneous recovery 2) Placebo effects 3) Resilience and post traumatic growth 4) Corrective effects of self-expression or disclosure

Question 29

Describe extratherapeutic factors

Answer 29

Any and all aspects of the client and their environment, regardless of formal participation in therapy.E.gs Clients readiness to change, strengths, resources, level of functioning, support network, socioeconomic factors, personal motivations and life events.

Question 30

Describe how the clients contribution to therapy can influence the outcome. 5 factors.

Answer 30

1. Involvement and participation - openness and willingness to contribute, collaborative approach
2. Client perceptions of psychotherapy. Clients perception of therapy a strong indicator of outcome
3. Client agency, activity, reflexivity and creativity. Client working to arrange events to benefit there therapy. ‘Following suggestion the therapist never made’
4. Integration of therapy to everyday life.
5. Early Change.

Question 31

Describe how recognising clients as a major common factor has implications for clinical implementation.

Answer 31

1. Enlisting and promoting clients strengths, supports networks, resources and personal agency.
2. Belief that clients are motivated and capable of change.
3. Promotion of client involvement - clients as active collaborators.
4. Listening to clients and privileging their experience and ideas.