Chapter 7 Moral Development

Question 0

conduct that is regulated by mutual respect and consent

Answer 0

Morality of Cooperation

Question 1

conduct that is coerced by rules or restraint

Answer 1

Morality of Constraint

Question 2

judgments based solely on the consequences of wrongdoing

Answer 2

Objective Judgments

Question 3

judgments that take into account intentions or motives

Answer 3

Subjective Judgments

Question 4

the earlier of Piaget’s two stages of moral development, in which individuals slavishly follow the rules they are given

Answer 4

Moral Realism

Question 5

the latter of Piaget’s two stages of moral development, in which individuals make their own moral judgments rather than blindly following the rules

Answer 5

Moral Relativism

Question 6

the child’s belief that immoral behavior inevitably brings pain or punishment as a natural consequence of the transgression

Answer 6

Immanent Justice

Question 7

according to Kohlberg, the first level of development of moral thought, based on reward and punishment

Answer 7

Preconventional Moral Reasoning

Question 8

the more primitive level of preconventional moral reasoning in which one acts so as to avoid negative consequences

Answer 8

Punishment Orientation

Question 9

the more advanced of the two preconventional moral reasoning levels, in which one acts so as to gain a future reward

Answer 9

Instrumental Hedonism Orientation

Question 10

according to Kohlberg, the second level of development of moral thought, based on the desire to conform to social convention

Answer 10

Conventional Moral Reasoning

Question 11

the first of the two levels of conventional moral reasoning, in which one acts so as to win others approval

Answer 11

Good Girl-Good Boy Orientation

Question 12

the more advanced of the two levels of conventional moral reasoning, in which one unquestioningly obeys society’s rules and laws

Answer 12

Law and Order Orientation

Question 13

according to Kohlberg, the third level of development of moral thought, based on adherence to to universal principles

Answer 13

Postconventional Moral Reasoning

Question 14

the type of postconventional moral reasoning in which one believes that individual actions should serve the greater good

Answer 14

Social Contract Orientation

Question 15

the highest form of moral reasoning, in which one acts according to his or her abstract moral principles

Answer 15

Universal Principled Reasoning

Question 16

the ability to think about one’s own thought processes

Answer 16

Metacognition

Question 17

an approach to moral development that stresses the contextual nature of moral decisions and distinguishes social conventions from moral rules

Answer 17

Social-Cognitive Domain Model

Question 18

social rules that are concerned with how people behave towar done another

Answer 18

Moral Rules

Question 19

social rules that dictate what is appropriate and expected

Answer 19

Social Conventions

Question 20

aspects of behavior that involve independent choices with which others have no right to interfere

Answer 20

Personal Preferences

Question 21

actions that benefit, help, and bolster others

Answer 21

Prosocial Behavior

Question 22

the ability to stand up for one’s values, especially those concerning fairness

Answer 22

Moral Courage

Question 23

the resources available to an individual through his or her interpersonal connections

Answer 23

Social Capital

Question 24

the activation of neural pathways so that ambiguous or neutral stimuli are perceived as similar to what has been previously perceived

Answer 24

Cognitive Priming

Question 25

the right to be protected by adults and societal institutions

Answer 25

Nurturance Rights

Question 26

the right to have one’s own own opinions and make one’s own decisions

Answer 26

Self-Determination

Question 27

an approach to moral education that teaches students to accept specific moral values, such as honesty and trustworthiness

Answer 27

Inculcation

Question 28

an approach to moral education that uses moral dilemmas and the like to give youths experience in higher-level reasoning

Answer 28

Moral Development

Question 29

a method of teaching values that helps students become aware of their own beliefs and values

Answer 29

Values Clarifications

Question 30

an approach to moral education that emphasizes community service

Answer 30

Service Learning

Question 31

an approach to moral education that emphasizes using logical reasoning to solve social dilemmas

Answer 31

Analysis