MCP: Glycolysis and glycogen

Question 1

linear glucose with 1,4 alpha linkages

Answer 1

Amylose

Question 2

branched with alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 linkages

Answer 2

Amylopectin

Question 3

disaccharide: galactose + glucose with Beta 1,4

Answer 3

Lactose

Question 4

disaccharide: glucose + fructose alpha 1,2

Answer 4

Sucrose

Question 5

branched polysaccharide: glucose alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

linear polysaccharide: glucose beta 1,4

Answer 6

cellulose (undigestible)

Question 7

alpha- amylase

Answer 7

randomly hydrolyzes alpha 1,4 linkages

Question 8

brush boarder

Answer 8

glycosidases attached to and produced by intestinal epithelial cells

Question 9

glucoamylase maltase isomaltase sucrase lactase

Answer 9

exo, cleaves alpha-1,4 between glucoses cleaves alpha-1,4 in maltose and maltotriose cleaves alpha-1,6 in isomaltose and alpha-dextrine cleaves alpha-1,2 in sucrose cleaves beta-1,4 in lactose

Question 10

Hexokinase

Answer 10

1. enzyme for first step in glycolysis phosphorylates glucose –> glucose-6-phosphate 2. In muscle changes fructose to F6P 3. Mannose–> M6P

Question 11

glucokinase

Answer 11

weaker form of hexokinase in the liver because the liver release glucose wen the body is on nead

Question 12

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI)

Answer 12

isomerization of G6P –> Fructose-6-phosphate

Question 13

phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Answer 13

Phosphorylate F6P –> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP)

Question 14

Aldolase

Answer 14

FGP–> GAP + DHAP

Question 15

Triose phosphate isomerase

Answer 15

flips between DHAP GAP

Question 16

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)

Answer 16

Replaces H+ with O and phosphate: GAP –> 1,3-BPG

Question 17

phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)

Answer 17

1,3-BPG–> 3-phosphoglycerate (removing phosphate) ATP produced

Question 18

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 18

When ATP is produced from the direct transfer of a phosphate from a substrate to ADP

Question 19

phosphoglycerate mutase

Answer 19

moves the phosphate group from position 3 to position 2

Question 20

enolse

Answer 20

Dehydrates 2PG to produce a double bond so phosphate will be a good leaving group in next step

Question 21

pyruvate kinase (PK)

Answer 21

remove a phosphate from PEP to produce ATP and pyruvate

Question 22

fructokinase

Answer 22

in liver changes fructose to F1P

Question 23

Fructose -1-phosphate aldolase

Answer 23

in liver F1P–> Glyceraldehyde + DHAP

Question 24

glyceraldehyde kinase

Answer 24

Glyceraldehyde –> GAP

Question 25

phosphomannose isomerse

Answer 25

M6P –> F6P

Question 26

galactokinase

Answer 26

galactose –> galactose-1-phosphate

Question 27

galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl trasferase

Answer 27

galactose-1-phosphate –> glucose-1-phosphate

Question 28

phosphoglucomutase

Answer 28

G1P G6P

Question 29

1.UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2.glycogen synthase 3.Branching enzyme 4.phosphorylase 5.debranching enzyme

Answer 29

1.transfers G1P to a uridine-phosphate => UDP-glucose 2. Adds the glucose onto the end of the glycogen chain 3.removes a set of 7 glucoses and moves them to a position at least 4 glucoses away from the original branch and forms a new alpha1,6 linkage 4. removes glucoses by phosphorylating them 5. moves three glucoses to another branch when the original branch is 4 glucoses from the parent chain. Also breaks the alpha1,6 linkage at the branch point

Question 30

Von Gierke disease

Answer 30

Glucose-6-phosphatase is defective affects the liver or the kidney increased amounts of glycogen in the organ causes massive enlargment of the liver. failure to thrive. severe hypoglycemia, ketosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipemia

Question 31

Anderson disease

Answer 31

Defective branching enzyme Affects the liver and the spleen Causes very long outer branches of glycogen Progressive cirrhosis of the liver. Liver failure causes death usually before 2

Question 32

McArdle disease

Answer 32

Defective phosphorylase affects the muscles causes moderate increase in glycogen Painful muscle cramps so strenuous exercise is painful