π 3.4.5 Species And Taxonomy Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define classification
The process of sorting organisms/living things into groups β is called classification
Why do we classify organisms into groups?
We classify organisms as it allows evolutionary relationships to be understood β phylogeny β phylogenetic relationships
What is the process of classification called?
Taxonomy
Define taxa
The group that the organisms are divided into.
Define taxonomy
The theory and practice of classification
How do we know if two organisms are part of the same species?
Members of the same species are capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring
What is courtship?
Courtship is the process whereby individuals recognise members of the same species
What is the point of courtship?
1- attracts the same species
2- attracts members of the opposite sex
3- gives an indication of sexual maturity
4- stimulates the release of gametes
5- forms the pair bond
What can we do to determine whether the individuals are members of the same species?
We can breed them together and if they are members of the same species, they will produce fertile offspring
Why can infertile organisms not produce offspring?
Some organisms can breathe together but do not produce fertile offspring. This is due to an odd number of chromosomes, resulting in homologous chromosomes being unpaired.
What is modern classification based on?
- dna base sequencing
- mRNA base sequencing
- amino acid sequencing
What are species referred to using?
Binomial nomenclature - 2 names
How should binomial nomenclature be written?
The first name should be capitalised and both should be underlined or in italics
What are modern classification systems based on?
They are based on phylogeny
Define phylogeny
The evolutionary relationship between organisms
How are organisms grouped?
They are grouped by shared features derived from their ancestors οΏΌ
What are the groups arranged into?
A hierarchy
Define hierarchy
They are constructed as a group within groups with no overlap between taxa
What is the name for each classification group?
Taxon (taxa is plural)
What is the difference between a phylogenic diagram and a hierarchy?
Phylogenic diagram shows how closely related organisms are but hierarchies donβt do this
What is the mnemonic for remembering how to classify using a hierarchy?
Dead
King
Philip
Came
Over
For
Ginger
Snaps
What are the different groups called that we used to classify an organism using a hierarchy?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is the binomial nomenclature made up of?
The first word is the organisms, genus and the second word is the organism species
What helps to classify evolutionary relationships between organisms?
Advances in immunology and genome sequencing
