3.4.5-species And Taxonomy

Question 1

Define species

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

What are courtship rituals?

Answer 2

A sequence of actions unique to each species used to identify members of their own species to reproduce with

Question 3

Suggest why 2 different species are unable to produce fertile offspring

Answer 3

Different species have different chromosome numbers
So homologous pairs cannot form

Question 4

3 reasons for courtship behaviour

Answer 4

1.identify same species
2.recognition of opposite sex
3.stimulates production/release of gametes

Question 5

The more similar a courtship sequence is between different species…

Answer 5

The more closely related a species are

Question 6

How is each species universally identified?

Answer 6

A biomial consisting of the name of its genus and species

(Same genus shows close relationship)

Question 7

What is a hierarchy?

Answer 7

Smaller groups within larger groups with no overlap between the groups

Question 8

What are the 8 taxa?

Answer 8

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 9

Define “phylogenetic group”

Answer 9

Group of organisms with common ancestry

Question 10

What is the phylogenetic classificationication system?

Answer 10

The arrangement of species into groups based on their evolutionary origins and relationships

Question 11

Suggest an advantage of binomial naming

Answer 11

Universal so no confusion on as many organisms have more than one common name

Question 12

Describe two advances that have helped to clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms

Answer 12

Advances in genome sequencing(allowing comparison of DNA base sequences)
-more differences n the base sequence=more distantly related
-as mutations build up over time

Advances in Immunology(allowing comparison of protein tertiary structure)
-Higher amount of protein from one species binds to antibody from another species more closely related to
-as indicates similar amino acid sequences
-so less time for mutation to build up

Question 13

There are many different species of field mouse in Europe.Using a phylogenetic classification all these species have names starting with Apodemus.
What information does this give about field mice?

Answer 13

Same genus
So common ancestor

Question 14

Describe how breeding experiments could determine whether 2 populations are of the same species

Answer 14

Breed them together
If they’re the same species they’ll produce fertile offspring

Question 15

Describe how organisms are grouped in a phylogenetic classification system

Answer 15

Smaller groups within larger groups with no overlap
Grouped according to evolutionary relationships