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Health 3 & 4 > Chapter 3: The Naitional Health Priority Areas (NHPA's) > Flashcards

Chapter 3: The Naitional Health Priority Areas (NHPA's) Flashcards

0
Q

Why were these NHPAs selected?

A
  • contribute significantly to burden of disease
  • there is potential for significant improvement in health to be made.
  • there is potential to reduce health inequalities between population groups
  • potential for a range of strategies to be implemented that can improve health
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1
Q

Definition: What is the NHPAs?

A

Diseases or conditions that have been selected by the commonwealth Government as key focus areas for improvement.

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2
Q

THE NHPAs ARE…

A 
Arthritis and musculoskeletal condition
Diabetes mellitus 
Asthma 
Dementia
Cancer control 
Obesity 
Mental health 
Injury prevention and control 
Cardiovascular control
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3
Q

DEFINITION: direct costs

A

Costs that associated with preventing the disease or conditions and providing health services to people suffering from it. Eg, diagnosis, management, treatment

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4
Q

DEFINITION: indirect costs

A

Costs not directly related to the diagnosis or treatment of the disease, but do occur as a result of the person having the disease. Eg, not being able to work and suffering loss of income.

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5
Q

DEFINITION: intangible costs

A

Things that cannot be measure physically or with a monetary measure. Like pain and suffering

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6
Q

WHAT IS ASTHMA?

A

A condition characterised by the inflammation of the airways, Triwhich causes them to narrow and leads to difficulty in breathing.

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7
Q

WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS?

A

A disease where bone development deteriorates, leaving the bone weak and more prone to fracture.

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8
Q

WHAT IS OSTEOARTHRITIS?

A

A condition where the cartilage wears down in a joint, and leads to bone rubbing against bone which causes pain and limited mobility.

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9
Q

WHAT IS OBESITY?

A

Relates to carrying excess body weight in the form of fat.

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE MEASURE FOR OBESITY?

A

In adults:
- BMI OF 30+
or
-Waist measurement of 102cm for males and 88cm for females

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11
Q

What’s the trick for remember NHPAs?

A

ADADCOMIC

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12
Q

WHAT IS CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH?

A

Refers to the health of the heart and blood vessels.

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13
Q

EXAMPLE OF AN DIRECT COST (to individual)

A
  • ambulance transport
  • diagnosis tests not covered by Medicare (eg. Hearing, vision)
  • doctor/ specialist fees not covered by Medicare
  • pharmaceuticals
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14
Q

EXAMPLE OF DIRECT COSTS (to community)

A
  • health promotion programs
  • Medicare costs
  • pharmaceutical benefits costs
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15
Q

EXAMPLE OF INDIRECT COSTS (to individual)

A
  • loss of income if they can’t work
  • employing help services (getting someone to mow lawns)
  • paying for a house keeper
  • transport costs (if the person can’t drive)
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16
Q

EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT COSTS (to community)

A
  • lost productivity to business
  • social security payments (eg disability benefits)
  • lost taxation revenue
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17
Q

EXAMPLE OF INTANGIBLE COSTS (to individual)

A
  • pain and suffering
  • stress
  • loss of self-esteem
  • loss of participation in social activities
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18
Q

EXAMPLE OF INTANGIBLE COSTS (to community)

A
  • loss of volunteers

- emotional impacts on family

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19
Q

WHAT IS INJURY?

A

Adverse effects on the human body that may result from a range of different events. Injuries may be accidental (fall,crash) or intentional (suicide, violence)

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20
Q

WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?

A

A state of wellbeing in which the individual can recognise their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and contribute to the community

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21
Q

WHAT IS ANXIETY?

A

A mental condition characterised by feelings of worry or nervousness when faced with a threat, danger or stressful situation.

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22
Q

WHAT IS DEPRESSION?

A

It is a serious mood or defective disorder caused by physical imbalances in the brain that last for extended periods of time.

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23
Q

WHAT IS CANCER?

A

Cancer is a general term for a number of different conditions where uncontrolled mutation and growth of cells threaten to damage other parts of the body. (When abnormal cells grow & divide, a tumour may develop)

24
Q

WHAT IS DIABETES MELLITUS?

A

condition of high blood sugar. Where the insulin that the pancreas produces is either insufficient or ineffective in moving sugar from blood cells.
Three I’s
INSULIN -INSUFFICIENT INEFFECTIVE

25
Q

What is Alzheimer disease?

A

Alzheimer disease is characterised by the build-up of proteins both in and around the brain cells. This limits the ability of messages to be transmitted between the cells!

26
Q

WHAT IS VASCULAR DISEASE?

A

A form of dementia that occurs as a result of the reduced blood flow to the brain.

27
Q

WHAT IS DEMENTIA?

A

Dementia is not a specific disease, but a term used to describe over 100 conditions that are characterised by progressive and irreversible loss of brain function.

28
Q

WHAT IS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE?

A

Includes all diseases of the heart and/or blood vessels. Examples include hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease)

29
Q

WHAT ARE MACRONUTRIENTS?

A

Nutrients that are required in large amounts, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

30
Q

WHAT ARE MICRONUTRIENTS?

A

Nutrients that are required in small amounts such as vitamins and minerals.

31
Q

WHAT IS METABOLISM?

A

It refers to all the chemical reactions occurring in the body. Metabolism includes the processes that occur to break food down into their most basic components and the processes that turn these components into energy or body cells.

32
Q

How much energy does one gram of carbohydrate produce?

A

1 gram of carbohydrate= 16 kilojoules of energy

33
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES?

A

To provide fuel for energy.

34
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FIBRE?

A

To regulate the functioning of the digestive system.

35
Q

Five foods that are major sources of fibre:

A
  • bran flake cereals
  • wholemeal bread
  • fruit & vegetables
  • baked beans
36
Q

Functions of protein?

A
  • growth, maintenance and repair of body cells

- fuel for energy production

37
Q

How much energy does one gram of protein provide?

A

17 kilojoules.

38
Q

Four food sources of protein:

A
  • eggs
  • beef, chicken, seafood and fish
  • nuts
  • legumes
39
Q

Risk nutrients

A

Nutrients which tend not to put people at risk to certain diseases

40
Q

Protective nutrients

A

Protect people from diet-related diseases.

41
Q

Four food sources of carbohydrates?

A
  • bread
  • pasta
  • starchy vegetables (like potato and parsnips)
  • fruit (oranges, bananas, grapes)
  • rice
42
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO UNUSED GLUCOSE MOLECULES (carbohydrates)?

A

Glucose molecules which aren’t used for energy are stored as andipose (or fat) tissue. When continuously eaten in excessive amounts, carbohydrates can contribute to obesity and related conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer.

43
Q

WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION?

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over, at to improve, their health

44
Q

WHAT DOES OMEGA 3 do?

A
  • maintains elasticity of blood vessels and prevents blood clots
45
Q

SOURCES OF OMEGA 6:

A
  • most nuts and seeds

- corn, safflower and soy oils.

46
Q

ROLE OF OMEGA 6?

A

Decreases impact of impaired glucose regulation and therefore also decrease impact of Diabetes Mellitus.

47
Q

WHAT DO SATURATED AND TRANS FATS DO?

A
  • increase LDL
  • reduce HDL
    SATURATED: impact on impaired glucose regulation, increasing risk of type 2 diabetes
    TRANS: can interfere with cell membrane structure and can affect movement of nutrients and fluids in and out of cells (osteoporosis and impaired glucose regulation)
48
Q

FOOD SOURCE OF SATURATED FATS:

A
  • fatty cuts of meat
  • full cream milk, cheese & yoghurt
  • most fried take away food
  • baked goods
49
Q

FOOD SOURCES OF TRANS FATS:

A
  • pastries
  • pies
  • deep fried food
50
Q

FOOD SOURCE: CALCIUM

A
  • dairy products

- green leafy vegetables (broccoli and spinach)

51
Q

FOOD SOURCE: PHOSPHORUS

A

Most foods rich in protein

  • dairy products
  • meat
  • nuts
52
Q

FOOD SOURCE: vitamin D

A
  • fish ( particularly tuna, salmon)

- small amounts in beef liver, cheese

53
Q

Role of Vitamin D:

A

Required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine into blood stream.

54
Q

MAIN FUNCTION OF FATS

A

Fuel for energy

1 gram= 37 kilojoules of energy.

54
Q

WHAT DOES MONOUNSATURATED FATS DO?

A
  • assist in lowering LDL CHOLESTEROL
  • increase HDL
  • decrease risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD, atherosclerosis
54
Q

FOOD SOURCES OF MONO FATS?

A

Olive oil
Avocado
Nuts

54
Q

WHAT DO POLYUNSATURATED FATS DO?

A
  • decrease LDL
  • increase HDL
  • decrease risk of cvd
  • reduce impact of inflammation of blood vessels
54
Q

SOURCES OF POLY: omega 3?

A
  • oily fish like trout, sardines etc.

- soy + canola oil

Health 3 & 4 (7 decks)

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