Test 1 Material Flashcards
Half life of hormones
Monoamines - seconds
Peptides - minutes
Steroids - hours
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine - days
Two ways to control hormone secretion
- Endogenous rhythm (circadian rhythm)
2. Components of a negative feedback system
In downregulation, intracellular receptors can be degraded by ____
Proteases
In upregulation, intracellular receptors can be produced by ____
Gene expression (transcription and translation)
Four interactions of hormones
- Additive
- Synergistic
- Permissive
- Antagonistic
Name of posterior pit
Neurohypophysis
Another name for antidiuretic hormone
Vasopressin
Two hormones produced by post pit
- ADH
- Oxytocin
Another name for the anterior pit
Adenohypohysis
Path from hypothalamus to ant pit
Hypothalamus –> peptide trophic hormones –> hypophyseal portal system –> ant pit –> peptide hormones (most are trophic hormones for endocrine glands)
Any hormone whose action is to cause another release of another hormone
Trophic hormone
Thyroglobulin is a protein containing lots of the amino acid _____
Tyrosine
T3 and T4 have the overall effect of increasing ____
Basal metabolic rate
The cells in between the follicles of a thyroid secrete ___
Calcitonin
Five steps of a neruon
Input, integratio, conduction, output, maintenance
Motor protein that drags vesicles of new membrane down the axon in an anterograde direction
Kinesin
Motor protein that drags vesicle of old membrane down the axon in a retrograde direction
Dynein
The action potential that appears to jump from node to node
Saltatory conduction
The release of a quantum of NT is an all or nothing event
Quantal release theory
Receptors for dopamine
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6: G Protein
Receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine
Gp protein: Alpha 2
G1 protein Beta 1, beta 2, beta 3
Gs protein
Receptors for acetylcholine
Nicotinic: EPSP channel
Muscarinic: G protein
Summation of PSP that arrive at different times
Temporal summation
Summation of PSP that arrive at different synapses
Spatial summation
An example of calcium being a second messenger
Myosin light chain kinase
Binding of calcium as a second messenger
Cooperative binding
Enzyme stimulated by Ca/CAM
Ca/CAM dependent protein kinase
Two important proteins of the G protein cycle
Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine triphosphate
What causes the GTP to fall off of the alpha subunit?
GTP-ase activity
Makes cAMP from ATP
Adenylate cyclase
Makes AMP from cAMP
cAMP phosphodiesterase
Increases or decreases adenylate cyclase
Inhibitory G protein
Simulatory G protein
What is the protein that cAMP stimulates?
Protein Kinase A
The two proteins that protein kinase A phosphorylates
Glycogen synthase (inhibits) Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
What enzyme dephosphorylates glycoen synthase and phosphoylase kinase?
Protein phosphotase
A receptor that is an enzyme that is activated by the first message
Tyrosine kinase
Two types of tyrosine kinase
Insulin receptors and peptide growth factors
Receptors for the gaseous transmitter nitric oxide and ANH
Guanylate cyclase (formation of cGMP)
Receptors for acetylcholine
Cholinergic
Receptors for norepinephrine or epinephrine
Adrenergic
Two cholinergic receptors with meanings
Nicotinic (ligand gates ion channels causing depolarization)
Muscarinic (G protein)