L11: Poultry P&P (Butcher)

Question 1

feed conversion in broiler production as of 2005

Answer 1

1.8 lb feed per pound of gain

Question 2

cost per pound of broiler live production in 2013

Answer 2

49 cents/lb
(up from 25 cents/lb in 2005!)
-expected to go back down

Question 3

retail US per capita consumption of broilers in pounds: 2013

Answer 3

83 lbs (higher than beef and swine)

Question 4

reasons for drastic drop in per capita broiler consumption 2009

Answer 4

• recession
• fear of avain influenza outbreaks
• inc. price of corn due to use of corn for ethanol

Question 5

per capita consumption of meat in USA

Answer 5

221lbs in 2006 to 2014lbs in 2013 (-17lbs, mostly beef)

Question 6

reasons for success of poultry industry

Answer 6

• great feed conversion compared to beef/pork (<2:1 compared to 6:1 or 3:1 for beef/pork)
• perceived health benefits
• cheaper protein source

Question 7

U.S. has what percent of world broiler production?**

Answer 7

30+%

Question 8

Top 3 countries in broiler production

Answer 8

U.S.
China
Brazil
Brazil and USA account for 2/3 of the international poultry trade

Question 9

50% of the world table egg production is in:**

Answer 9

China

Question 10

which has more extensive vaccine protocol: U.S. or Saudi Arabia?

Answer 10

Saudi Arabia. However, still have 30-40% mortality by 30d

Question 11

2 countries that don’t use vaccines because biosecurity so good

Answer 11

Nicaragua

Guyana

Question 12

Rank strength in route of vaccination***

Answer 12

water (mildest) –> course spray –> fine spray (strongest)

as chicks get older, we step up virulence of vaccine and route of admin.

Question 13

what type of vax given to heavy breeders?**

Answer 13

killed vaccines

-produces a lot of Ab that can be passed into egg so that progeny can also have high lvl of Ab

Question 14

chars. of Infectious Bronchitis

Answer 14

• viral (Coronavirus)
• respiratory
• very common
• many recognized serotypes; mutates quickly
• prevented w/ vaccination
• decreases egg production in hens

Question 15

chars. of Poultry Coccidiosis

Answer 15

• intestinal parasite
• common
• controlled by drugs and vaccines
• very resistant
• worldwide distr.
• appearance: fluffed up, dehydrated, heads down, eyes closed
• each species affects different part of intestines (but all treated same)

Question 16

chars. of Infectious Coryza

Answer 16

• caused by haemophilus paragallinarum (a very fragile bacteria)
• common in layer industry
• affects adults, not young
• once chicken infected, infected for life!**
• CS: infected sinus which must be lanced

Question 17

chars. of Fowl Pox

Answer 17

• viral
• spread by mosquitoes and direct contact
• controlled by live vax (however can cause dz if gets in eye or mouth! give in wingweb)
• endemic in wild turkeys
• 2 forms: wet and dry (dry can recover if protected and given feed/water; wet causes death when lesions slough off trachea and aspirate)

Question 18

chars. of Marek’s Disease

Answer 18

• viral
• causes tumor formation (classically in lumbosacral plexus unilaterally)**
• controlled by vax

Question 19

chars. of Cannibalism

Answer 19

• causes: genetic predisposition, management
• control by trimming beak, reduced light intensity
• can spread like wave through hen house

Question 20

chars. of Avian Influenza

Answer 20

• viral
• severity varies from LPAI to HPAI
• common
• form in U.S. is not highly pathogenic
• if infected, must be culled
• vax practiced in some situations
• poultry will be normal one day, dead the next

Question 21

chars. of ascarids and tapeworms

Answer 21

• fairly common
• manage with litter
• tx PRN
• tapes usually not significant
• ascarids only problem if in large numbers

Question 22

chars. of Ascites

Answer 22

• metabolic disease
• common in high altitude b/c heart has to work harder
• genetics selection predisposes (growing too fast w/ lungs and heart making up lower % of total BW)
• controlled by management practices: restrict light to control feed intake so chickens don’t grow too fast
• CS: cyanotic, distended abd

Question 23

are hormones given to chickens?

Answer 23

NO

-we are actually trying to SLOW down their growth