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Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases > Lesson 8 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lesson 8 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of Carditis?

A
  1. Pericarditis
  2. Myocarditis
  3. Endocarditis
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2
Q

What is Pericarditis and the ETIOLOGY?

A

inflammation of pericardium -the outside layer of heart (saclike imembrane around heart)

etiology: 1. RHEUMATIC FEVER makes you at risk
2. idiopath (unknown cause)

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3
Q

What is Myocarditis?

A

inflammation of cardiac muscle and conduction system without evidence of MI

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4
Q

What is the etiology of Myocarditis?

A
  1. viral or bacterial infection
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5
Q

What is the treatment for Myocarditis?

A

Antibiotics

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6
Q

S&S of Myocarditis?

A
  1. dypsnea - difficulty breathing
  2. fatigue
  3. palpitation or racing heartrate
  4. may have had an infection
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7
Q

What are the S&S of Pericarditis?

A
  1. sharp sudden pain (pleuric) in chest from layers rubbing while breathing
  2. Orthopnea
  3. Pallor
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8
Q

What is Endocarditis?

A

inflammation of membrane lining the valves and chamber of heart

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9
Q

S&S of Endocarditis?

A
  1. night sweats - fever for weeks
  2. fatigue
  3. weekness
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10
Q

Etiology of Endocarditis?

A

infection - group A strep bacteria

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11
Q

Treatment of Endocarditis?

A
  1. eliminate infecting organ

2. surgery to repair valve

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12
Q

Treatment of Pericarditis?

A

Treat symptoms

bed rest with chest elevated w/analgesics

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13
Q

How to diagnose Pericarditis?

A

P=Auscultation may reveal grating sound as hear beats.

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14
Q

Diagnose Myocarditis?

A

Medical history - reveal upper respiratory infection.

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15
Q

Diagnose Endocarditis?

A

medical history reveal predisposing factors and new heart murmur

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16
Q

What is Mitral Insufficiency?

A

blood from left ventricle flowing back in the left atrium

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17
Q

What is Mitral Stenosis?

A

blood flow is obstructed from left atrium to left ventricle

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18
Q

What is the etiology of Mitral Insufficiency/Stenosis?

A
  1. Childhood Rhuematic fever

2. infective endocarditis

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19
Q

S&S of Mitral Insufficiency/Stenosis?

A
  1. Difficulty breathing when laying down (orthopnea)

2. large jugular veins

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20
Q

Treatment for Mitral Insufficiency?

A

surgical replacement with artificial valve

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21
Q

What is Aortic insufficiency?

A

blood flowing back into the left ventricle causing it to swell (causing left ventricular hypertrophy)

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22
Q

What is Aortic Stenosis?

A

Prevents blood from flowing freely from left ventricle to the Aorta. (Valve has become

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23
Q

What is the etiology of Aortic Insufficiency/Stenosis?

A
  1. Rheumatic Fever
  2. endocarditis
  3. hypertension
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24
Q

What are the S&S of Aortic Insufficiency/Stenosis and how to diagnose?

A

S = may be asymptomatic,
1. angina - severe pain in chest
2.
D = Auscultation may reveal murmur

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25
Q

How to treat Aortic Insuff/Stenosis?

A
  1. surgical replacement of aortic valve
  2. Balloon valvuloplasty
  3. assess yearly with ECG and echocardiogram
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26
Q

What is Essential Hypertension?

A

High blood pressure without a cause

pressure exerted against the vessel wall

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27
Q

Etiology of Essential Hypertension?

A
  1. idiopathic

2. more common in african americans, obese, and stressed people

28
Q

S&S of Essential Hypertension?

A
  1. tinnitus (ringing in ears)
  2. nocturia (urinating at night)
  3. light headedness
  4. tire easily
29
Q

Diagnose Essential Hypertension?

A
  1. blood pressure greater than 140/90mm
  2. auscultation - hear abnormal sound (bruits)
  3. ECG and chest x-ray will detect cardio damage
30
Q

Treatment of Essential Hypertension?

A
  1. lifestyle and diet changes

2. Vasodialators-relax vessels

31
Q

What is Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis?

A

thickening of small artery walls and losing elasticity

causing vessel restriction.

32
Q

Etiology of Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis?

A
  1. excess cholesterol in blood or lipids, diabetes
  2. sedentary lifestyle
  3. smoking
33
Q

S&S of Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis?

A
  1. headache and dizziness
  2. memory defects
  3. muscle cramping
  4. inadequate blood supply to heart
  5. obstruct the lumen
34
Q

Treatment of Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis?

A
  1. diet and exercise to reduce cholesterol

2. angioplasty

35
Q

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

A

Narrowing of coronary artery so not enough blood flow to myocardium

36
Q

Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease?

A
  1. Coronary Artery Bypass
  2. Lifestyle change
  3. Medication to improve oxygen capacity of the blood
  4. or medication to reduce myocardial oxygen demand
37
Q

S&S of CAD?

A
  1. Burning, squeezing, tightness, in chest may radiate to neck, shoulder blade, and left arm
  2. Women may experience abdomen or back discomfort
  3. Nausea, vomiting, sweating, panic
    May Be symptomatic or not
38
Q

What is Angina Pectoris?

A

damage to the myocardium tissue because of lack of blood

39
Q

Etiology of Angina Pectoris?

A

When myocardium (muscle of heart) is not getting enough blood

40
Q

How to treat Angina Pectoris?

A

open vessels with nitroglycerine medications

41
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

aka: heart attack

A

Vessel becomes totally blocked and getting no blood supply

42
Q

S&S of Myocardial Infarction?

A
  1. crushing chest pain
  2. vomiting
  3. shortness of breath
43
Q

S&S of Angina Pectoris?

A
  1. Burning, squeezing and tightness in chest
  2. Abdominal or back pain for women
  3. sometimes nausea and vomiting
44
Q

Etiology of Myocardial Infarction?

A

occlusion of one or more arteries

45
Q

What is Atrial Fibrilation?

A

Abnormal heart rhythm-fells like rapid rhythm

46
Q

S&S of Atrial Fibrilation?

A
  1. pooling of blood -could eventually clot
  2. pain and weakness
  3. shortness of breath
47
Q

Treatment of Atrial Fibrilation?

A
  1. Beta blockers
  2. Calcium channel blockers-slow heart
  3. Anticoagulant so blood doesn’t clot
48
Q

What is Congestive Heart Failure?

A

Pumping of heart cannot keep up with the demands of the body…muscle becomes weak, dilated, and cannot contract forcefully

49
Q

S&S of Congestive Heart Failure?

A
  1. Bulging neck veins
  2. skin turning blue and edema
  3. Enlarged liver
50
Q

Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure?

A

diuretic to reduce congestion

51
Q

What is Cardiac Arrest?

medical emergency

A

interruption in heart beating causing heart to stop

52
Q

S&S of Cardiac Arrest?

A
  1. prolonged angina
  2. light headedness
  3. shortness of breath
53
Q

Treatment of Cardiac Arrest?

A

CPR

Defibrillate to get heart going

54
Q

What is Thrombophlebitis?

A

inflammation of vein in which a clot is formed from the blood.
Abnormal formation of platelets

55
Q

Etiology of Thrombophlebitis?

A

blood clot that may be related to trauma

56
Q

S&S of Thrombophlebitis?

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. dull ache
  3. warmth and tight feeling at site
57
Q

Treatment of Thrombophlebitis?

A
  1. bed rest
58
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins.

Most common after 50

59
Q

Etiology of varicose Veins?

A

Damaged or defective valves in vein prevent blood from freely flowing toward heart.

60
Q

S&S of Varicose Veins?

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. bulging veins in legs
  3. dull ache/cramping
61
Q

Treatment of Varicose Veins?

A
  1. elastic stockings
  2. moderate exercise program
  3. laser therapy
62
Q

What is Leukemia?

A

malignant disease of the blood-forming organs

63
Q

S&S of Leukemia?

A
  1. bruising easily
  2. nights sweats
  3. lumps in neck and armpits
  4. pain in bones and joints
  5. bleed or purple patches
64
Q

Treatment of Leukemia?

A
  1. chemo
  2. radiation
  3. sometimes bone marrow transplant
65
Q

What is Lymphedema?

A

lymph fluid collecting in lymph vessels

66
Q

S&S of Lymphedema?

A

Swelling of affected limb

67
Q

Treatment of Lymphedema?

A
  1. Massage

2. surgically drain lymph tissue

Communicable and NonCommunicable Diseases (9 decks)

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