9.2.3

Question 1

a main function of water in chemical reactions

Answer 1

by being a medium (as it dissolves other substances)

Question 2

why must wastes be removed ?

Answer 2

some

• are poisonous
• take up space
• create problems for osmoregulation

Question 3

excretory system takes care to ?

Answer 3

excreting nitrogenus wastes and maintaining a constant blood composition

Question 4

what has the dual role of excreting nitrogenous wastes and maintaining the water balance in mammals and fish ?

Answer 4

Kidney

Question 5

if a person suffers from kidney failure is there a natural means by which these wastes can be removed ?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

the two types of renal dialysis ?

Answer 6

haemodialysis (outside body) and peritoneal dialysis (inside body)

Question 7

what happens when amino acids are broken down ?

Answer 7

they produce ammonia (mammals convert to urea)

Question 8

concentrated urine helps mammals and fish living in dehydrating envionments how ?

Answer 8

to reabsorb water into the blood as to maintain water balance

Question 9

what process allows ONLY the movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution (waste remains)

Answer 9

Osmosis

Question 10

passive transport in mammalian kidney

Answer 10

diffusion and osmosis (water)

Question 11

active transport in mammalian kidney

Answer 11

the substance in which must be reabsorbed against a gradientv(sodium, glucose, amino acids)

Question 12

how many nephrons in the human body ?

Answer 12

one million

Question 13

flitration and reabsorption in the mammalian nephron

a) what flows into the kidney under high pressure ?
b) plasma is forced through ?
c) then into the bowmans ______
d) travels along the t______
e) substances such as water, glucose and ____ are what in the loop of henle ?
f) travels to ____ tube where the salts are absorbed
g) the walls of the collecting tubules may or may not be what to water ?

Answer 13

a) blood
b) glomerulus
c) capsule
d) tubules
e) salts, reabsorbed
f) distal
g) permeable

Question 14

list a fault in having renal dialysis occur ?

Answer 14

not as complex as the kidney itslef

Question 15

what is produced by the adrenal cortex, maintains the level of water and salts in the body, stimulates the reabsorbing of sodium into the blood, leads to increase of sodium ion and water in the blood and rises volume and blood pressure

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

what is produced by the hypothalamus, stimulates the reabsorbing of water in the blood, increases concentration of urine and blood volume

Answer 16

ADH

Question 17

Enantitostasis is ?

Answer 17

maintenance of metabolic and physiological functions

Question 18

marine animals, marine plants or marine invertebrates ?

maintain homeostasis through osmoregulation, maintains constant body fluid, excretes salt and concentrated urine

Answer 18

marine animals

Question 19

marine animals, marine plants or marine invertebrates ?

osmoconformers, body fluid varies with environment

Answer 19

… plants and invertebrates

Question 20

marine animals, marine plants or marine invertebrates ?

osmoconformers, body fluid varies with environment

Answer 20

….invertebrates and plants

Question 21

name it:

urea, concentration and volume differs, needs to conserve water when excreting

Answer 21

terrestrial mammal

Question 22

name it:

highly concentrated urine in form of urea, must conserve water, excess salt accumulated in bodies actively secretes

Answer 22

marine(salt) fish

Question 23

name it:
dilute urine in form of ammonia, too much water accumulates in tissues, habitat contains few dissolved salts needs to actively reabsorb

Answer 23

freshwater fish

Question 24

name it:

highly conentrated urine,uric acid, semi solid paste, need to conserve water

Answer 24

insects and birds

Question 25

what features does the eucalyptus have which minimises water loss (leads to dehydration, problems with photosyntesis/transpiration)

Answer 25

• narrow leaves
• waxy cuticle(protects from excessive sunlight therefore reduces evaporation)
• sunken stomates (able to regulate times of opening and closing)
• levaes hang vertical to sun to reduce surface area exposed to sun

Question 26

filtering units or ?

Answer 26

nephrons