Anatomy

Question 1

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 1

1. Barrier
2. Thermoregulation
3. Vitamin D synthesis
4. Sensation
5. Cosmetics
6. Immunosurveillance

Question 2

What are the three layers of the skin from out to in?

Answer 2

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

What are the layers of the epidermis from out to in?

Answer 3

Stratum corneum - Acts as barrier

Granular cell layer - Secretes lipids into spaces for barrier

Stratum spinosum (prickly cell layer) - Contains Langerhans cells

Basal cell layer - Contanins melanocytes, keratinocytes

Question 4

What do langerhans cells do?

Answer 4

Immunity

Question 5

What do melanocytes do?

Answer 5

Produce melanin for UV protection

Question 6

What do keratinocytes do?

Answer 6

Make keratin which works up to the stratum corneum

Question 7

What joins the cells of the epidermis together?

Answer 7

Desmosomes

Question 8

What joins the epidermis to the dermis?

Answer 8

Hemidesmosomes

Question 9

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 9

Pupillary - connects to epidermis

Reticular - Contains hair follicles, sweat glands and blood plexi

Question 10

What are eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 10

SNS via hypothalamus - on forehead, palms, soles and underarms

Question 11

What are apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 11

Become active after puberty

Question 12

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 12

Secrete sebum to protect the skin - more active after puberty (site of comedones)

Question 13

What is the nail anatomy?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 14

1 - Histamine/heparin/tryptase release via IgE on mast cells

2 - Autoimmune eg IBD, Hishomotos

3 - Autoimmune complexes eg SLE

4 - CD4, MHCII and Th1 causing inflammation - allergens amd things which touch the skin. also, occupational asthma