Levture #1 Flashcards
Define evolution
Change in the genetic makeup of the population through time
Why was the theory of evolution by natural selection so revolutionary?
- Overturn the idea that species are static. 2. Replaced have a logical thinking with population thinking 3. It was scientific; a proposed a mechanism that could account for change her time and make predictions that could be tested thru observation and experimentIng
Who discovered the theory of evolution?
Jean Baptiste Lamark
What where some of Lamark’s important discoveries?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics; organisms change because living circumstances change; species get progressively better
What were some of Malthus’ important contributions to evolution discovery?
“Essays on principles of evolution”; he discovered a large population of people in Ireland were moving to cities, thus he concluded that a human population left to resources will always outstripped those resources; populations grow exponentially
Prior to the theory of evolution, what did most biologists think about species?
Species were immutable and unchanging
What was Linnaeus’ discovery?
Classical taxonomy; created the two-part scientific naming system
Name the taxonomic groups.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
How many kingdoms did scientists believe there were and in which groups were organisms classified?
5; monera. Protista, fungi, animalia, plantae
What did Ernest Haeckel discover in taxonomy?
there were three kingdoms: Protists, plantae, animalia
Define cladistics.
Principle that relationships among species can be reconstructed by identifying shared derived characters
Define synapomorphies.
Shared derived characters or treat found in one or more talk so that is present in their most recent ancestor, but missing in more distant ones
Define Homology.
“Same source” in Latin; traits are similar due to shared ancestry
Define homoplasy.
“Same form” in Latin; truth or similar for reasons other than shared ancestry; usually caused by convergent evolution, or natural selection favors some more solutions for problems posed to different species
Define molecular taxonomy.
Organisms with sequenced genomes.