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BD_Ballast > Site Work > Flashcards

Site Work Flashcards

1
Q

soil is classified into these 4 gorups

A

sands/gravels
silts
clays
organics

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2
Q

this soil has low plasticity, good for foundations/drainage

A

sands/gravel

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3
Q

this soil is good for foundations if stable

A

clay

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4
Q

this soil is better mixed with other types of soil

A

clay

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5
Q

this soil has tensile strength, and is slightly plastic

A

clay

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6
Q

this soil is a poor foundation

A

organics

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7
Q

an unbroken mixture of clay, sand, and gravel

A

hardpan

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8
Q

highest bearing capacity

A

bedrock

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9
Q

broken off bedrock

A

boulders

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10
Q

second highest bearing capacity

A

shale/slate

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11
Q

soft rock with a fine texture

A

shale/slate

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12
Q

a soil test typically determines

A

bearing capacity,
water table level,
porosity

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13
Q

administers soil test

A

soils engineer

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14
Q

typically recorded in boring log

A

material/ depth it is encountered/ moisture content/

density

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15
Q

boring location: minimum #

A

4, taken at corners

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16
Q

boring locations are shown on

A

plot plan

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17
Q

boring location #’s on plot plan correspond to

A

boring logs in soil test report

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18
Q

soils report contains

A

allowed soil bearing pressure and foundation type

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19
Q

lab tests:

specific gravity

A

determines void ratio,

used for compressibility

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20
Q

lab tests:

grain size and shape

A

determines shear strength,
permeability,
compaction ability

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21
Q

lab tests:

liquid and plastic limits

A

compaction and compressibility

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22
Q

lab tests:

unconfined compression

A

shear strength for cohesive soil

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23
Q

lab tests:

water content

A

used to get compressibility,

and compaction values for cohesive soil

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24
Q

most common site tests

A

boring,
and
test pit

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25
Q

most common borehole test

A

SPT

Standard Penetration Test

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26
Q

SPT tests

A

density of granular soils

and consistency of some clays

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27
Q

physical tools and process for SPT

A

2”ø sampler /
140lb hammer /
falling 30”.

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28
Q 
recorded in SPT:
# blows required to
A

drive cylinder 12”

29
Q

site test:
visual inspection,
10’ depth limit typ.

A

Test Pits

30
Q

site test:
best in sand/clay
shallow/intermediate depths
no hard obstructions (bedrock/hardpan)

A

Auger Boring

31
Q

site test:
when soil too hard for auger bit
100’+

A

Wash Borings

32
Q

problem with wash borings

A

samples too mixed, analysis difficult

33
Q

site test:

pipe, 5” increments

A

Dry Sample Borings

34
Q

site test:

Soil Load Tests

A 
platform,
incremental loads,
settlement holds,
with continued loading.
design load usually ½ test load
35
Q

site test: Soil Load Tests

design load is typically ____

A

½ test load

36
Q

soil types are classified by

A

Unified Classification System

37
Q

bearing capacity is generally specified by ______ ,

based on ______

A

building code,

based on soil type

38
Q

building code bearing capacity can be increased if

A

appropriate test evidence

39
Q

water in soil can

A

reduce load carrying capacity

40
Q

if more moisture under one area of building than another

A

differential settlement may occur

41
Q

soil treatment is used to

A

increase bearing capacity, and/or decrease settlement

42
Q

in order to compact fill,

A

water is required to lubricate

43
Q

optimum relationship between fill density/moisture content

determined in lab by

A

Proctor test

44
Q

“standards for compaction.”

A

Proctor test

45
Q

Fill compaction:

density ___% of optimum Proctor density req’d

A

90-100%

46
Q

Fill compaction:

moisture content __% of optimum @ time of compaction.

A

2-4%

47
Q

Fill compaction:

fill in ____” layers (called ‘lifts’), compacted, then next layer.

A

8-12”

48
Q

Soil Treatment:

Surcharging

A

preload with fill / settle soil below / remove fill.

49
Q

Soil Treatment:

Mixing

A

sand/gravel added to create req’d properties.

50
Q

Earthwork:

term for when narrow/long for pipe/narrow footings

A

trenching

51
Q

Excavation:

for safety, sides no steeper than

A

than natural angle of repose

or not > 1.5H:1V

52
Q

Rough Grading tolerance

A

±6-12” of desired finish level

53
Q

Finish Grading tolerance

A

±1” desired level, includes placement of topsoil

54
Q

Parts of Beam and Timber shoring method

A

soldier beams/
breast boards or cribbing/
tiebacks

55
Q

Parts of Sheating and Brace shoring method

A

Vertical sheeting (wood/steel)/
horizontal wales,
diagonal rakers (bracing),
concrete/steel heel.

56
Q

Underpinning is used when

A

temp. supporting exist’g foundations

57
Q

perforated drain tile (“french drain”) min _” below floor slab

A

6”

58
Q

if hydrostatic pressure use

A

layer of gravel
open web matting/
geotextile mat’l

59
Q

if pressure @ floorlab use

A

use waterproofing membrane,

gravel layer w/ drain tiles.

60
Q

min. slope of ground for drainage

A

1/4” per ft.

61
Q

drain inlet vs. catch basin

A

catch basin has sump,

cleaned out periodically.

62
Q

large storm sewers require manholes,

A

every direction change or 500 ft max.

63
Q

Concrete paving is reinformed with

A

welded wire fabric

64
Q

Concrete paving min. thickness

A

5” min.

65
Q

Concrete paving poured in sections, w/ joints every

A

20’ (½” molded joint filler)

66
Q

hot-laid asphalt:

A

most common
asphalt cement + graded aggregates,
laid on a base, rolled + compacted while still hot.

67
Q

cold-laid asphalt:

A

subbase coarse gravel, overlaid w/ finer aggregate, compacted, rolled.
2-3” cold liquid asphalt laid over-top.

68
Q

Unit paver procedure

A

laid on level, compacted sand over crushed gravel

may also be laid over bituminous bed on concrete slab.

69
Q

Concrete Walks: laid over gravel subbase, control joints every _’, expansion joints every _’

A

control joints every 5’,

expansion joints every 20’

BD_Ballast (66 decks)

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