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Science > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The environment effect on the genetic make up (physical features)

A

phenotype

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1
Q

all of the features that an organism inherits

A

traits

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2
Q

part of the DNA code on a chromosome

A

gene

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3
Q

genetic make up…the genes that are organism has

A

genotype

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4
Q

The study of heredity develop into a science

A

genetics

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5
Q

different forms of a gene

A

alleles

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6
Q

One form of a trait that is expressed even when both alleles are present

A

dominant

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7
Q

helps you predicted genetic makeup of an organism

A

Punnett square

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8
Q

needs both alleles present to change the phenotype

A

recessive

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9
Q

chromosomes must be copied so that each new cell has exactly the same genetic information

A

replication

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10
Q

inherited trait that makes the individuals different

A

variations

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11
Q

exact copy of an organism

A

cloning

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12
Q

nucleic acid building blocks that make up DNA

A

nitrogen bases

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13
Q

pairs with thymine

A

adenine

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14
Q

pairs with guanine

A

cytosine

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15
Q

pairs with adenine

A

thymine

16
Q

pairs with cytosine

A

guanine

17
Q

reproduction within only one cell involves splitting or dividing cell

A

asexual reproduction

18
Q

a nitrogen base attacked to a sugar phosphate

A

nucleotide

19
Q

The formation of mRNA as directed by the DNA

A

transcript

20
Q

three nucleotides strung together

A

codon

21
Q

One codon and is the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acid

22
Q

are the order arrangements of amino acid form specific proteins

A

protein sythesis

23
Q

are three nucleotides of tRNA

A

anticodon

24
Q

carries genetic information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis

A

mRNA

25
Q

takes amino acids into ribosomes to make proteins

A

tRNA

26
Q

process where a cell divides into two identical cells

A

mitosis

27
Q

traits are passed from one generation to another

A

heredity

28
Q

two of the same traits present in an organism

A

homozygous

29
Q

neither allele is completely dominant over the other

A

incomplete dominance

30
Q

two different traits present in an organism

A

heterozygous

31
Q

organisms with two parents and hair the same genes when reproductive cells from each parents are joined in this process

A

sexual reproduction

32
Q

reproductive cell containing half of the parents chromosomes

A

haploid

33
Q

The joining of the sperm and egg

A

fertilization

34
Q

asexual reproduction in which a haploid reproductive so are formed during a two step process

A

meiosis

35
Q

A cell containing the correct number of chromosomes from both parents

A

diploid

36
Q

A new diploid that is produced by fertilization

A

zygote

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