El Presente de Subjuntivo Flashcards
The Subjunctive Mood is used in the following situations:
- Wishes and Desires (querer, desear, necesitar, esperar, etc.
- Emotion (Verbos Especiales; gustar, encantar, molestar, alegrar…) and [Verbos Reflexivos; sentir(se)]
- Impersonal Expressions (Es necesario, es preferible, es importante, es bueno/malo, es urgente…)
- Recommendations (recomendar, sugerir, aconsejar, proponer, dar consejos, pedir, decir, rogar, ordinar)
- Doubt (dudar, no dudar, no creer, no pensar, no puede ser que, possiblemente, probablemente, TAL VEZ, Quizas)
- Ojalá
- Antedentes Negativos (no hay nadie que, no hay nada que, no creo que nadie, no existe que, no existe nadie que
- Antecedentes Indefinidos (Hay algo que, Hay alguien que Hay alguna cosa que, Hay alguna persona que)
- Con Expresiones de propósito (para que, a find de que, con tal de que, con la finalidad de que)
- Expresar un futuro eventual (Cuando, en cuanto, tan pronto como, después de que
- Con Otras expresiones (sin que, a menos que, en caso de que, antes de que)
In every subjunctive sentence there is:
Often an indicative clause that reports the WIERDO situations There is some aspect of uncertainty There is something that is not known or is not controllable.
Formation of the Present subjunctive
- Begin with the YO form. 2. Drop the -o ending 3. -ar: add e, es, e, emos, éis, en 4. -er/ir: add a, as, a, amos, áis, an
Irregular - dar
dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
Irregular - estar
esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
Irregular - haber
haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
Irregular - ir
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
Irregular - saber
sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
Irregular - Ser
sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
esperar
(W) to hope
exigir
to demand (w)
insistir en
to insist (on) (r)
ojalá
God willing, I strongly hope
pedir (e>i)
to request (w)
preferir (e>ie)
to prefer (w)
querer (e>ie)
to want (w)
rogar (o>ue)
to plead, beg (r)
sugerir (e>ie)
to suggest (r)
dudar que
to doubt that (d)
no creer que
to not believe that (d)
no estar convencido/a de que
to not be convinced that (d)
no estar seguro/a de que
to not be sure that (d)
no imaginarse que
to not imagine that (d)
no parecer que
to not seem that (d)
no pensar que
to not think that (d)
no suponer que
to not suppose that (d)
temer que
to suspect/fear that (e)
conviene que
it is advisable that (r)
es fantástico que
it is fantastic that (i.e)
es importante que
it is important that (i.e)
es imposible que
it is impossible that (i.e)
es increíble que
it is incredible that (i.e)
es (una) lástima que
it is a pity/shame that (i.e)
es mejor que
it is better that (i.e)
es necesario que
it is necessary that (i.e)
es posible que
it is possible that (i.e)
es preferible que
it is preferable that (i.e)
es probable que
it is probable that (i.e)
es ridículo que
it is rediculous that (i.e)
es terrible que
it is terrible that (i.e)
más vale que
it is better that (i.e)
ojalá (que)
I hope (that) If only he/it/they, etc. would/could/might
puede ser que
it may be that (d)
a menos que
unless (con otras expr)
antes (de) que
before (con otra expr.)
con tal (de) que
provided that (expresiones de propósito)
cuando
when (futuro eventual)
después (de) que
after (futuro eventual)
en caso de que
in case (con otras expr)
hasta que
until (futuro eventual)
mientras que
while (con otra expr)
para que
so that, in order that (con expresiones de propósito)
sin que
without (con otras expr)
tan pronto como
as soon as (futuro eventual)
quizá, tal vez
perhaps, maybe (d)
aunque
even if, although, even though (d)
mandar
to order (w)
prohibir
to prohibit (r)
necesitar
to need (w)
importar
to be important, to matter (r)
desear
to wish, to desire (w)
- Wishes and desires
- Wishing, wanting, demanding, desiring, expecting, ordering and preferring fall into this catagory.
- The dependent clause represents what we want fro someone else, tha actions have not yet/or may never occur, therefore subjunctive must be used.
- When using these verbs, if the subject of the sentences changes after ‘que’, then the verb that follows ‘que’ must be in the subjunctive mood.
- Examples: Yo quiero que Jennifer me ayude. I want Jennifer to help me.
aconsejar
to advise (r)
- Doubt
When doubting in Spanish, we may use the subjunctive.
To doubt or deny something is to question its sense of reality.
Some verbs such as
- ‘dudar’ (to doubt)
- negar - to deny
- ‘no creer’
- ‘no pensar’ (not to think)
- ‘no parecer’ (not seem to)
- no comprender
- no estar seguro (not to be sure)
- no suponer (not to assume)
- puede ser que (it may be that)
- no puede ser que
- tal vez
- quizas
- a lo mejor (maybe)
- posiblemente
- probablemente
Example: No creo que vaya a llover. I don’t think it’s going to rain.
- Recommendations and Demands
When a person recommends, suggests, wants, or asks a person to do something, the subjunctive will be needed.
“Que” seperates the recommender from the recommendation.
Some verbs that we usually use are:
- ‘insistir’ (to insist)
- ‘demandar’ (to demand
- ‘pedir’ (to ask, to request)
- recommendar
- sugerir
- aconsejar
- proponer
- dar consjos
- decir
- rogar
- solicitar
- ordinar
- prohibir
- exijir
- mandar
- dar permiso
- El sargento exige que todos los soldados marchen. The sargent demands that all the soldiers march.
- Permission and Prohibition
The subjunctive must be used in all cases when someone is trying to influence the action of another person in some way through permission and prohibition. Examples: Su madre le prohíbe que vaya allí. His mother forbids him to go there.
- Impersonal expressions (frases impersonales)
An impersonal expression is one which does not have a personal subject, it is someone’s opinion or judgements which introduces an aspect of uncertainty or subjectivity, and then triggers the use of subjunctive.
- es agradable
- es estupendo
- es necesario
- es urgente
- es bueno
- es extraño
- es probable
- es vergonoso- it is a disgrace
- es curioso
- es importante
- es raro
- ne es cierto
- es dudoso
- es increíble
- es recomendable
- ne es hecho
- es esencial
- es malo
- es una lástima
- no es verdad
- es preferible
- es fundamental
- es sorprendente
- es imposible
- es preciso
- es dudoso
- no es seguro
- Emotions
Because emotions are not necessarily facts, you can expect to find the subjunctive used when emotions are being expressed.
- gustar,
- encantar,
- molestar,
- emocionar,
- alegrar,
- dolar etc.
- Sintir(se) felize, sentir(se) mal, sentir(se) triste etc.
- Example: María siente mucho que no puedas venir. Maria is very sorry (that) you are unable to come.
- Negative Commands and Formal Imperatives
When telling someone not to do something (negative commands), the present subjunctive is required. Imperatives using the polite ‘you’ (‘usted’ or ‘ustedes’) need subjunctive, too.
- No vayas allí. Don’t go there.
- Cierre (usted) la ventana, por favor. Close the window, please.
- Subordinating Phrases and Conjunctions
Uncompleted or prospective actions require subjunctive, too. These expressions give the condition that something will be done at a certain time.
Example:
Llámame cuando termines la reunión. Call me when you have finished the meeting. Then, we can see that he/she will only call once he/she has finished the meeting. That is the reason why subjunctive must be used after ‘cuando’.
Antecedentes Negativos
- no hay nadie que
- no hay nada que
- no creo que nadie
- no existe que
- no existe nadie que
- No hay nadie que hable Mandarín
Antecedentes Indefinidos (uso por preguntas)
- Hay algo que…(there is something that)
- Hay alguien que…(is there anyone that)
- Hay alguna cosa que…(is there something that)
- Hay alguna person que…(is there a person who)
Con expresiones de propósito (with expressions of purpose)
- Para que - so that
- a fin de que - in order that
- con tal de que - provided that/ that as long as
- con la finalidad de que - for the purpose that
Expresar un futuro eventual
- Cuando - when
- en cuanto - with regard to, in time for
- tan pronto como - as soon as
- después de que - after
Con otras expresiones
- sin que - without
- a menos que - unless
- en caso de que - in case, in the event that
- antes de que - before
recomendar
to recomend (r)
proponer
to propose (r)
dar consejos
to give advise (r)
decir
to say (r)
solicitar
to request (r)
ordenar
to order (r)
dar permiso
give permission (r)
gustar
to be pleasing to (e)
encantar
to love (e)
