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BioMed Board Exam > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

What part of the eye lacks blood supply and receives nourishment from the secretions of the lachrymal glands?

a) Iris
b) Lens
c) Retina
d) Cornea

A

Cornea

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1
Q

What are the ridges in the brain called?

a) Sulcus
b) Sulci
c) Gyri

A

Gyri

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve provides the sensory input for the gag reflex?

a) Vestibulocochlear nerve
b) Phrenic nerve
c) Oculomotor nerve
d) Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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3
Q

Which nerve is anaesthetized when extracting a tooth from the lower jaw?

a) Facial nerve
b) Mental nerve
c) Inferior alveolar nerve
d) Zygomaticotemporal nerve

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

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4
Q

What is the order food passes along the digestive tract?

A

Jejunum > Ileum > Ascending colon > Transverse colon > Descending colon > Sigmoid colon

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5
Q

What is the smallest muscle in the body?

a) Stylopharyngeus
b) Stapedius
c) Hypoglossus
d) Auricularis anterior

A

Stapedius

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6
Q

Our body creates 25 million new cells in how much time?

A

Every second

• about 2 trillion are produced by an adult body every day.

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7
Q

The pelvic floor is comprised of which group of muscles?

a) Levator ani
b) scalenes
c) Quadriceps
d) Lumbricals

A

Levator ani

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8
Q

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median Nerve

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9
Q

The major artery that is located on either side of the neck is…

A

Carotid artery

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10
Q

The flap that covers your windpipe is called?

a) Glottis
b) Epiglottis
c) Trachea
d) Cartilage

A

Epiglottis

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

a) Diaphragmatic nerve
b) Hypogastric plexus
c) Vagus nerve
d) Phrenic nerve

A

Phrenic nerve

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12
Q

What is the name of the median wall that separates the left & right side of he human heart?

a) Septum
b) Atrium
c) Vallum
d) Pericardium

A

Septum

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13
Q

What is the average daily production of gastric/stomach acid?

a) 1.5 liters
b) 1.0 liters
c) 0.355 liters
d) 0.5 liters

A

1.5 liters

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14
Q

About how much blood does an adult kidney process in an average day?

a) 800 liters
b) 1800 liters
c) 300 liters
d) 30 liters

A

1800 liters

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15
Q

The rotator cuffs are located where?

A

Shoulders

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16
Q

The entire sympathetic outflow arises from these spinal nerves…

a) C8 - L4
b) C1 - S5
c) T1 - T12
d) T1 - L2

A

T1 - L2

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17
Q

The brain contains how many ventricles?

a) 3
b) 6
c) 4
d) 5

A

4

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18
Q

Which is the longest muscle in the body?

a) Palmaris lonus
b) Biceps brachii
c) Gluteus maximus
d) Sartorius

A

Sartorius

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19
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

a) Trapezoid
b) Stirrup
c) Metacarpal
d) Triquetral

A

Stirrup (a.k.a. Stapes)

• one of the 3 main bones (ossicles) in the middle ear connecting the eardrum to the cochlea

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20
Q

Which organ is part of the immune system in early life?

a) Thalamus
b) Parathyroid gland
c) Thymus gland
d) Thyroid gland

A

Thymus gland

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21
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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22
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

a) 30
b) 22
c) 15
d) 10

A

22

• 8 cranial, 14 facial

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23
Q

About how fast do nerve impulses from muscle signals move?

a) 100 m/sec
b) 8000 m/sec
c) 50 m/sec
d) 10 m/sec

A

100 m/sec

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24
Q

Which of the following organs cannot be successfully transplanted?

a) Kidney
b) Heart
c) Bladder
d) Liver

A

Bladder

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25
Q

Which of the following glands secretes the largest amount of hormones?

a) Thyroid gland
b) Pituitary gland
c) Pancreas
d) Pineal gland

A

Pituitary gland

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26
Q

On average, how much does an adult salivate per day?

a) 0.1 liters
b) 3.78 liters
c) 2 liters
d) 1 liter

A

1 liter

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27
Q

Which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system?

a) Spleen
b) Pancreas
c) Lungs
d) Adrenal gland

A

Spleen

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28
Q

Roughly what part of whole blood is comprised of blood cells (reds, whites, & platelets)?

a) 22%
b) 62%
c) 45%
d) 82%

A

45%

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29
Q

Which of the following bones in part of the axial skeleton?

a) Clavicle
b) Pelvis
c) Mandible
d) Femur

A

Mandible

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30
Q

How many teeth does the average adult have?

a) 32
b) 34
c) 28
d) 29

A

32 teeth

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31
Q

How many bones in one upper limb?

a) 20
b) 30
c) 50
d) 40

A

30 bones

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32
Q

What is the average normal urinary output for an adult?

a) 1500 ml
b) 300 ml
c) 400 ml
d) 3000 ml

A

1500 ml

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33
Q

What role does aldosterone play in the human body?

a) Controls reabsorption of sodium ions from primary urine in the kidney
b) Controls the BMR of the body
c) Controls the levels of adrenalin in the body
d) Controls the reabsorption of water in the body

A

Controls reabsorption of sodium ions from primary urine in the kidneys

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34
Q

What is the basic excretory unit of the human kidney?

a) Nephron
b) Malpighian body
c) Bowman’s capsule
d) Glomerulus

A

Nephron

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35
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

a) Small Intestine
b) Large Intestine
c) Skin
d) Nervous System

A

Skin

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36
Q

How many valves does the heart have?

A

4 valves

• 2 atrioventricular valves & 2 semilunar valves

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37
Q

Where is the visual cortex located?

A

The back of the brain

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38
Q

The XII cranial nerve which controls the tongue is called?

a) Abducens
b) Vagus
c) Trigeminal
d) Hypoglossal

A

Hypoglossal

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39
Q

What is the heaviest internal organ of the body?

a) Liver
b) both Lungs
c) both Kidneys
d) Heart

A

Liver

40
Q

When listening to the heart one hears the first loud sound ‘lub’ followed by a shorter softer sound ‘dub’. What causes the first louder sound?

a) the closure of the pulmonary semilunar valve
b) the closure of the parietal valve
c) the closure of the mitral & tricuspid valve
d) the closure of the aortic valve

A

The closure of the mitral & tricuspid valve

41
Q

Motor neurons are present in?

a) between synapses
b) Dorsal root
c) Ventral root
d) between dorsal & ventral roots

A

Ventral root

42
Q

How long are the intestines of a living average adult?

a) approx 60 feet
b) approx 25 feet
c) approx 45 feet
d) approx 10 feet

A

Approx 25 feet

43
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration?

a) tinnitus
b) muscle cramps
c) slow heart beat
d) clear colored urine

A

Muscle cramps

44
Q

Not including the ear bones, how many bones are in the skull?

a) 30
b) 15
c) 10
d) 22

A

22

• 8 cranial, 14 facial (6 ear bones not normally considered part of the skull)

45
Q

The largest artery in the body is?

a) Renal
b) Iliac
c) Femoral
d) Aorta

A

Aorta

46
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

a) 365
b) 150
c) 206
d) 296

A

206

47
Q

The entire blood supply passes once through the heart about…

a) once every five minutes
b) twice every five minutes
c) twice every minute
d) once every minute

A

Once every minute

48
Q

Which gland releases growth hormones?

a) Pituitary gland
b) Pineal gland
c) Pancreas
d) Adrenal gland

A

Pituitary gland

49
Q

How many vertebrae does an adult have?

a) 26
b) 29
c) 28
d) 20

A

26

50
Q

T/F : the pancreas has an endocrine & exocrine function?

A

True

51
Q

Arrange the following structures in the order in which food passes through them: [1] cecum, [2] descending colon, [3] rectum, [4] sigmoid colon, [5] transverse colon

a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3
c) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4
d) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4

A

1, 5, 2, 4, 3

52
Q

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the…

a) duodenum
b) pyloric sphincter
c) ileum
d) jejunum

A

Ileum

53
Q

Arrange the following sphincters in the order in which food passes through them: [1] external anal sphincter, [2] ileocecal sphincter, [3] lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter, [4] pyloric sphincter

a) 2, 3, 4, 1
b) 4, 2, 1, 3
c) 2, 1, 3, 4
d) 3, 4, 2, 1

A

3, 4, 2, 1

54
Q

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

a) B12
b) K
c) A
d) C

A

B12

55
Q

The ___ secretes peptidases & disaccharides, whereas the ___ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase & lipase.

a) stomach, small intestine
b) small intestine, pancreas
c) liver, pancreas
d) liver, small intestine

A

small intestine, pancreas

56
Q

Which of the following anchors the liver to the stomach?

a) lesser omentum
b) muscle
c) gastrichepatic serosa
d) greater omentum

A

Lesser omentum

57
Q

T/F: Payer’s patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.

A

True

58
Q

Which hormone causes the pancreas to release an enzyme rich juice?

a) gastrin
b) cholecystokinin (CCK)
c) insulin
d) histamine

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

59
Q

T/F: Pancreatic juice consists mostly of water and is acidic.

A

False

60
Q

T/F: The storage & concentration area for bile is the gallbladder.

A

True

61
Q

T/F: Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.

A

True

62
Q

Which blood vessels do nutrients go to after leaving the small intestines?

a) hepatic artery
b) superior mesenteric vein
c) hepatic portal vein
d) inferior mesenteric vein

A

Hepatic portal vein

63
Q

The portion of the large intestine closest to the liver is?

a) ascending colon
b) transverse colon
c) rectum
d) descending colon

A

Transverse colon

64
Q

What is the duct that drains the bile from the liver?

a) cystic
b) common hepatic
c) common bile
d) bile

A

Common hepatic

65
Q

Which of the following will stimulate both gallbladder contraction & secretion of pancreatic juice?

a) gastrin
b) histamine
c) secretin
d) cholecystakinin (CCK)

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

66
Q

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of?

a) mastication
b) fermentation
c) catabolism
d) anabolism

A

Catabolism

67
Q

Amylase is a digestive enzyme from the?

a) stomach
b) spleen
c) pancreas
d) liver

A

Pancreas

68
Q

Which of the following is not an accessory digestive organ?

a) teeth
b) mouth
c) liver
d) salivary glands

A

Mouth

69
Q

The correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal from the inside to the outside is the…

a) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
b) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, mucosa
c) serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa
d) muscularis externa, mucosa, serosa, submucosa

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

70
Q

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to…

a) reabsorb 95% of ingested water
b) remove water material
c) regulate the release of bile
d) secrete digestive enzymes

A

Remove water material

71
Q

A damaged liver would predominantly affect the digestion of…

a) proteins
b) starches
c) carbohydrates
d) lipids

A

Lipids

72
Q

In enzyme controlled reactions, the role of certain vitamins such as niacin is to act as…

a) an enzyme
b) a coenzyme
c) a polypeptide
d) a substrate

A

A coenzyme

73
Q

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the digestive system?

a) gallbladder
b) liver
c) spleen
d) pancreas

A

Spleen

74
Q

The ‘lock & key hypothesis’ attempts to explain the mechanism of…

a) pinocytosis
b) sharing of electrons
c) vacuole formation
d) enzyme specificity

A

Enzyme specificity

75
Q

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a…

a) vitamin
b) coenzyme
c) substrate
d) polypeptide

A

Substrate

76
Q

Which element is present in maltase, but not in maltose?

a) nitrogen
b) oxygen
c) carbon
d) hydrogen

A

Nitrogen

77
Q

Vitamins are essential for the survival of organisms because vitamins usually function as…

a) nucleic acid
b) coenzymes
c) substrates
d) nucelotides

A

Coenzymes

78
Q

The pancreatic duct transports secretions from the pancreas to the…

a) duodenum
b) liver
c) stomach
d) colon

A

Duodenum

79
Q

Which of the following enzymes digests fats?

a) fatase
b) lipase
c) sucrase
d) protease

A

Lipase

80
Q

Wavelike motions that propel food through the GI system are called…

a) peristalsis
b) contractions
c) segmentation
d) oropharynxis

A

Peristalsis

81
Q

Lipase, maltase & protease are member of a group of catalysts known as…

a) lipids
b) carbohydrates
c) hormones
d) enzymes

A

enzymes

82
Q

Salivary amylase secreted into the oral cavity starts the digestion of…

a) lipids
b) proteins
c) amino acids
d) starch

A

Starch

83
Q

What age group is most likely to develop pyloric stenosis?

a) seniors
b) adults
c) infants
d) children

A

Infants

84
Q

What is the beginning of the large intestine called?

a) cholecystokinin (CCK)
b) chyme
c) common bile duct
d) cecum

A

Cecum

85
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

a) 6
b) 5
c) 4
d) 3

A

3

86
Q

Which group of organic compounds include the enzymes?

a) proteins
b) carbohydrates
c) lipids
d) starches

A

Proteins

87
Q

Which of the following is classified as an enzyme?

a) manganese dioxide
b) protease
c) galactose
d) lipids

A

Protease

88
Q

An enzyme that hydrolyzes protein will not act upon starch. This fact is an indication that enzymes are…

a) specific
b) hydrolitic
c) catalytic
d) synthetic

A

Specific

89
Q

What is the ‘pyloric pump’?

a) undigested food moving through the ileocecal valve
b) food movement through the esophagus into the stomach
c) chyme moving from the stomach into the small intestine
d) feces moving through the internal anal sphincter

A

Chyme moving from the stomach in the small intestine

90
Q

The final portion of the small intestine is the…

a) jejunum
b) ileum
c) duodenum
d) colon

A

Ileum

91
Q

During digestion, proteins are broken down into molecules of…

a) nucleic acids
b) glucose
c) amino acids
d) fatty acids

A

Amino acids

92
Q

Which muscles protrude & retract the tongue, moving it from side to side?

a) masseter & temporalis muscles
b) buccinator & masseter muscles
c) extrinsic tongue muscle
d) intrinsic tongue muscle

A

Extrinsic tongue muscle

93
Q

Glucose is stored in the liver as…

a) glycogen
b) starch
c) fat
d) ATP

A

Glycogen

94
Q

Bile is produced in the…

a) pancreas
b) liver
c) small intestine
d) stomach

A

Liver

95
Q

The frenulum is part of the…

a) skull
b) muscle of mastication
c) tongue
d) teeth

A

Tongue

96
Q

Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called…

a) rugae
b) the fundus
c) the pyloric sphincter
d) the muscularis layer

A

Rugae

97
Q

All of the following are substances found in pancreatic juice EXCEPT:

a) amylase
b) lipase
c) pepsin
d) trypsin

A

Pepsin

98
Q

Where does the most nutrient absorption occur?

a) esophagus & stomach
b) stomach & duodenum
c) jejunum & ileum
d) duodenum & jejunum

A

Duodenum & jejunum

BioMed Board Exam (28 decks)

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