Bacillus anthracis

Question 1

what are the two forms of B. anthracis?

Answer 1

Cutaneous anthrax

Pulmonary anthrax

Question 2

what human infections will B. anthracis cause?

Answer 2

Wool-sorter’s & hide-porter’s disease *

Question 3

what individuals can acquire hide-porter’s disease *?

Answer 3

handlers of infected wildlife *

Question 4

how often does anthrax occur in the US?

Answer 4

its rare

Question 5

Anthrax has this very dangerous and potential use in the world?

what part of B. anthracis is used for this?

Answer 5

used as agent of bio-warfare or bio-terrorism *

Anthrax spores is used for bio-warfare or bio-terrorism*

Question 6

B. anthracis contains this polypeptide in its capsule?

Answer 6

poly-D-glutamate

Question 7

what is the toxin B. anthracis contains?

Answer 7

Anthrax toxin*

Question 8

the Anthrax toxin* is composed of these factors?

Answer 8

• Edema factor (EF)
• Lethal factor (LF)
• Protective antigen (PA)

Question 9

what is the factor that helps by being Anti-phagocytic?

Answer 9

Capsule (glutamate capsule) *

Question 10

the edema factor will produce this?

Answer 10

Edema toxin *

Question 11

through what mechanism will the edema factor cause edema?

Answer 11

cAMP

Question 12

what factor will be a Zinc-metalloprotease?

what kind of damage will this factor produce in the human body?

Answer 12

lethal toxin (factor)

will cause tissue necrosis

Question 13

what symptoms will lead to a diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 13

→ Central black eschar * with surrounding pustules “malignant pustule” *

→ Marked extensive edema

Question 14

what type of anthrax is this?

what is this symptom?

Answer 14

cutaneous

black eschars

Question 15

what type of anthrax is this?

what is this symptom?

Answer 15

cutaneous

black eschars

Question 16

what type of anthrax is this?

what is this symptom?

Answer 16

cutaneous

malignant pustule

Question 17

how do you acquire pulmonary anthrax?

Answer 17

inhalation of spores

Question 18

how many phases are in the pulmonary acquired anthrax?

what are they?

Answer 18

Phase 1: insidious onset

Phase 2 : sudden onset

Question 19

what symptoms are seen in Phase 1 of pulmonary anthrax?

Answer 19

• nonproductive cough
• complaint of substernal discomfort

Question 20

what symptoms are seen in Phase 2 of pulmonary anthrax?

Answer 20

Severe chest pain

widened mediastinum,*

enlarged hilar lymph nodes,*

pleural effusions *

Question 21

what is the symptoms that leads to suspect anthrax?

Answer 21

mediastinal widening *

Question 22

what is the treatment for anthrax?

Answer 22

Ciproflaxin and doxycyclin

Question 23

what prevention is there for anthrax?

Answer 23

Toxoid vaccine

Question 24

what toxins can combine and cause edema?

Answer 24

edema factor and protective factor

Question 25

what toxins can combined and cause cell death?

Answer 25

lethal and protective factors

Question 26

can pulmonary anthrax be passed by coughing on people?

Answer 26

no, not contagious, only passed by inhaling the spores

Question 27

how do you acquire Wool’s sorter disease?

Answer 27

Handlers of processed hides, goat hair, wool,

Question 28

what is wool’s sorters disease?

Answer 28

pulmonary anthrax

Question 29

what is Hide-porter’s disease*?

Answer 29

Cutaneous anthrax