Pulmonary Lecture 3

Question 1

What occurs to the residual volume in Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Answer 1

It Decreases

Question 2

What occurs to the functional residual capacity in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 2

It Decreases

Question 3

What occurs to the total lung capacity in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 3

It Decreases

Question 4

What occurs to the Vital Capacity in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 4

It Decreases

Question 5

What occurs to the FEV/FVC in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 5

Small/No Change

Question 6

What occurs to the lung in pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 6

The force of the lung deflates towards its intrinsic equilibrium position more quickly due to the increased rigidity

Question 7

What is the relative size of the lung in pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 7

The lung is generally in a smaller state

Question 8

What occurs to the residual volume in Bronchitis

Answer 8

It increases

Question 9

What occurs to the functional residual capacity in Bronchitis

Answer 9

It Increases

Question 10

What occurs to the total lung capacity in Bronchitis

Answer 10

There is no change - Bronchitis only changes airflow rate but not the size of the lung (capacity will remain unchanged)

Question 11

What occurs to the Vital Capacity in Bronchitis

Answer 11

It Goes Down - This is because the TLC is unchanged and the RV goes up

Question 12

What occurs to the FEV/FVC in Bronchitis

Answer 12

It decreases

Question 13

What are the 2 Mechanical factors that effect Airway Resistance

Answer 13

1. Mucous 2. Lung Volume

Question 14

How does Lung Volume Effect Resistance

Answer 14

An increase in lung volume decreases resistance. As you inhale you pull apart the alveoli decreasing resistance. In obstructive diseases (bronchitis) those tend to breath at a higher lung volume to open their airways

Question 15

Why does the Flow-Volume Curve drastically decrease due to Emphysema

Answer 15

The airways have a higher propensity to collapse during forced expiration.

Question 16

How do the forced expiratory muscles respond to emphysema

Answer 16

They are used in quiet breathing causing the chest wall to exert force and causes a positive intrapleural pressure thus collapsing the airway

Question 17

How is the use of expiratory muscles in exercise different than emphysema

Answer 17

There is not airway collapse due to the airway pressure. deep breath during exercise increases the airway pressure so no collapse occurs

Question 18

What is the path for oxygen movement from inhalation

Answer 18

Airway–>Alveoli–>Diffuse into Pulmonary Capillary–>Heart–>lungs–>Arterial circulation

Question 19

What is the desired partial pressure of oxygen in arteries under normal conditions

Answer 19

90-100 Torr at sea level 80-90 at Altitude

Question 20

What is the definition of the partial pressure of oxygen

Answer 20

The force exerted on the walls of the arterioles by the oxygen molecules

Question 21

What is the state of oxygen in the arterioles?

Answer 21

It is in a dissolved state (no longer gaseous)

Question 22

What is the equation for the partial pressure of inspired air?

Answer 22

P=(PbXFo2) Pressure = Barometric pressure X Fraction of oxygen Must include Water: P= (Barometric Pressure - Water Pressure) x Oxygen Fraction P = (Barometric Pressure - 47 Torr) X 21%

Question 23

What is the barometric Pressure and Oxygen Partial Pressure at Sea Lever

Answer 23

760 Torr and 150 Torr Respectively

Question 24

Why is the Alveolar Oxygen Pressure less than the Inspired Air Pressure?

Answer 24

The difference of 150 to 100 has to do with CO2. The CO2 pressure offsets the Oxygen Pressure to 100.

Question 25

What is the equation for Pressure of Alveolar Oxygen

Answer 25

PAO₂=P_IO2- (P_ACO2/R)

R=Respiratory Exchange Ratio = CO2 produced/O2 consumed

R=.8

P=150-(40/.8) = 100 Torr

Question 26

What is the ideal CO₂ Arterial Pressure?

Answer 26

40 Torr

Question 27

Why does the body need to keep a residual CO₂ balance in the blood

Answer 27

CO₂ plays an important role in maintaining pH balance

Question 28

(T/F) diffusion of Carbon Dioxide into the lungs is a fast process

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is the rate limiting step of Carbon Dioxide removal?

Answer 29

Ventilation - Air flow of Carbon Dioxide leaving the alveolus to the outside air. Slow Step

Question 30

What occurs to Carbon Dioxide if you have a low ventilation rate?

Answer 30

Carbon Dioxide backs up in the blood because it cannot leave the alveolus quickly enough

Question 31

Define Ventilation

Answer 31

Airflow in the lung

Question 32

What is Minute Ventilation?

Answer 32

Volume of airflow through the lung in one minute (~6L)

Question 33

What is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 33

Volume of Air flow in alveolar space in 1 minute (4.2 L)

Question 34

What is the equation for Alveolar ventilation?

Answer 34

P_aCO2= (VCO2/V_A) x k

Question 35

what will occur to the Pressure if Va decreases by 50%?

Answer 35

it will double

Question 36

What happens to the P_AO2 if the V_A decreases

Answer 36

Combine Alveolar Ventilation Equation and Alveolar Gas equation:

The P_ACO2 will double thus:
Original: P_AO2=P_IO2-(P_ACO2/R)
Original: P=150 - (40/.8) = 100

Once Doubled: P=150-(80/.8) = 50

Question 37

(T/F) Blood CO₂ Is Directly Regulated by Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 37

True

Question 38

(T/F) Blood O₂ Is indirectly regulated by alveolar ventilation, via effects on Alveolar CO2

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Define Hypoventilation

Answer 39

Low Ventilation

High Alveolar Ventilation and PCO2

Severe Obstructive Disease

Question 40

Define Hyperventilation

Answer 40

High Ventilation

Low V_A and P_CO2

Caused by High Altitude

Question 41

Define Hyperpnia

Answer 41

High Ventilation

Normal V_A and P_CO2

Exercise