Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 4 (NME) > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the hormone secretin?

A

Stimulates release of bicarbonate by binding to secretin receptors on pancreatic centroacinar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the hormone CCK?

A
  • Inhibits gastric emptying and decreases acid secretion
  • Stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and stimulates the secretion of a juice rich in pancreatic digestive enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the hormone motilin?

A
  • Increases the migrating myoelectric complex component of gastrointestinal motility
    (Increased peristalsis and encourages intestine emptying)
  • Stimulate the production of pepsin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the hormone gastrin?

A

Simulates parietal and chief cells

Stimulates muscle contraction (stiring and ejection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of pepsin?

A

It is a protease enzyme, which works optimally at pH 1.5-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the hormone somatostatin?

A

Inhibits gastrin/ secretin secretion
Inhibits parietal cells
(Neuronally turned off during digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the hormone secretin produced?

A

S-cells of the duodenum

released when low pH in duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the hormone VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation and water secretion in intestines, stimulates bicarb/ pepsinogen secretion and inhibits gastrin
OVERALL IMPROVES MOTILITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the hormone GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide)?

A

Stim’s release of insulin for pancreatic Beta cells

Also stim’s FA metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cells secrete the hormone somatostatin?

A

Delta cells in pancreas

D-cells in stomach antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the systhesis pathway for active Vit D?

A

Vit D carried in blood stream to liver and converted into the pro-hormone calcidol
Calcidol is converted to calcitrol (Active vitD in the kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the hormone CCK produced?

A

I cells located in the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine (mostly in the duodenum and jejunum)
- Stimulated by fatty acids/ some AA’s in chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the hormone motilin produced?

A

Endocrine M-cells (in duodenum and jejunum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the hormone gastrin produced?

A

G- cells (most abundant in gastric pits of pyloric antrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the enzyme pepsin produced?

A

Produced from pepsinogen which is secreted by chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the hormone calcitrol?

A

(Active form of vitD- release stim’d by PTH)
Raises blood calcium levels by increasing Ca2+ absorbtion in GI tract/ increasing renal reabsorbtion and releasing Ca2+ from bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What effect does serotonin have on the GI system?

A

Causes contraction of intestinal muscle around the food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the hormone calcitonin?

A

Decreases blood calcium levels
(Stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts)
(Inhibits GI absorbtion and renal reabsorbtion of Ca2+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

A

Increases blood calcium levels
(Stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone, inhibits osteoblasts)
(Activates vitamin D to increase GI Ca2+ absorbtion and promotes Ca2+ reabsorbtion in the kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is calcitonin produced?

A

Parafollicular cells (C-Cells) of the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands (and which layer of the adrenal gland?)

A

ACTH (from ant pituitary)

Released from Zona Fasiculata

22
Q

What stimulates the release of sex steroids from the adrenal glands (and which layer of the adrenal gland?)

A

ACTH (from ant pituitary)

Released from Zona Reticularis

23
Q

What stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands (and which layer of the adrenal gland?)

A

Angiotensin II

From Zona Glomerulosa (outermost layer)

24
Q

What stimulates the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands (and which layer of the adrenal gland?)

A

Sympathetic stimulation

From adrenal medulla (central part)

25
Q

What is the rate limiting step in cortisol synthesis?

A

Cholesterol - Pregnenolone

step is regulated by ACTH

26
Q

What is the pre-cursor for all steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

27
Q

What is the difference between peptide and steroid hormones in relation to their storage?

A

Peptide tend to be stored in a cell and released when stimulated by a trigger
Steroid hormones are not stored

28
Q

What effect does cortisol have on blood glucose?

A

Raises blood glucose

29
Q

What type of hormone is aldosterone and how does it act?

A

Steroid hormone- Acts in kidney to preserve Na (therefore H2O) and raise blood pressure
Also stimulated re-absorption of Na exchanged for K+ in the gut, saliva and sweat

30
Q

What happens to aldosterone levels in hyperkalaemia?

A

Raised

All aldosterone causes excretion of K+

31
Q

When is the best time to measure cortisol levels (in what form) and why?

A

Midnight in blood/ saliva

As normally low then so if raised very likely to be cushings syndrome

32
Q

What is the action of ADH? Where is it released from?

aka vasopressin

A

Synth in hypothalamus, stored in post pituitary
Inserts more Aquaporin(2) channels in kidney
Causes SM vasoconstriction in BV’s
Acts to raise BP and concentrate urine

33
Q

What is a short synacthen test?

A

Give ACTH and then measure cortisol 30min later

This should stim cortisol production

34
Q

A patient on lifelong hydrocortisone to treat addisions disease is likely taking what doses and when?

A

10mg each morning

5mg at lunchtime

35
Q

The majority of hormonal feedback is what?

positive or negative

A

Negative

36
Q

What is a low dose dextamethosone suppression test?

A

Give 1mg Dext at 12am

By 9am cortisol should be suppressed (measure levels at 9am)

37
Q

Which cells produce GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide)? What is it secreted in response to?

A

K cells in duodenum

in response to glucose detected in duodenum

38
Q

Where is GLP-1 secreted from? What stimulates it’s secretion?

A

L cells of ileum

Nutrients (carbs, proteins, lipids) passing through Ileum

39
Q

What is a secreteagouge?

A

An agent which causes or stimulates secretion

40
Q

What is an incretin?

A

A metabolic hormone which stimulates release of insulin (from pancreatic B cells)
This lowers blood glucose levels

41
Q

What is the half life of GLP-1 and why is this?

A

Half-life of less than 2 minutes

Due to rapid degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4

42
Q

What is GLP-1 and what are it’s functions?

A

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (An incretin)

  • Increases insulin secretion (+ increase B cell mass)
  • Decreases glucagon secretion
  • Decreased stomach emptying/ acid secretion
  • Increase satiety in brain (so don’t take in more glucose)
43
Q

What is glucagon and where is it produced?

A

Glucagon is a peptide hormone which raises blood glucose

It’s secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas

44
Q

What stimulates glucagon secretion?

A

Low blood glucose levels

45
Q

What effects does glucagon have?

A

Glycogenolysis (in liver)
Gluconeogenesis
Induces lipolysis if there is insulin supression (DMT1)

46
Q

What effect does glucagon have on the liver?

A

Stimulates glycogenolysis by binding with glucagon receptors on hepatocytes

47
Q

Where is serotonin produced in the GI tract?

A

The gut is surrounded by enterochromaffin cells, which release serotonin in response to food in the lumen.

48
Q

Where is the hormone calcitrol released from?

A

Proximal tubule in the kidney

Release is stimulated by PTH

49
Q

Where is PTH secreted?

A

Chief cells of parathyroid

50
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation used for?

A

Calculating pH (especially of buffer systems)

51
Q

What two things will stimulate aldosterone?

A

Increased angiotensin II

Increased serum K+

52
Q

The peptide hormone secretin is released in response to?

A

Acidification of the duodenum

Semester 4 (NME) (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions