Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro exam 8 > export_ssti bacteria iii > Flashcards

export_ssti bacteria iii Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium features

A

Gram-positive
Spore forming

Anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clostridium virulence factors

A

Hemolysin
Neurotoxin

Enterotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Four major species of Clostridium

A

C. perfringens (gangrene, diarrhea)
C. difficile (diarrhea, colitis)

C. tetani (tetanus)

C. botulinum (botulism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

C. perfringens features

A

Produces hydrogen and CO2 gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

C. perfringens alpha-toxin

A

Phospholipase that hydrolyzes lecithin and sphingomyelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C. perfringens diseases

A

SSTIs
Suppurative myositis

Myonecrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Suppurative myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myonecrosis

A

Destruction of muscle

Gas gangrene most notably with P. perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gas gangrene disease progression

A

Begins as cellulitis, progresses to suppurative myositis, then myonecrosis, then dissemination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnose and treat C. perfringens

A

Gram-positive rods WITHOUT leukocytes
Treatment must be immediate, as fatality is high

Surgical debridement, clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C. tetani features

A

Strict anaerobe

“Drumstick” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

C. tetani entry

A

Small, local infection provides source for tetinospasmin to travel to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tetanospasmin

A

Heat liable neurotoxin
Inactivates inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing spastic paralysis

Rapidly degraded in GI, unlike botulinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Three major presentation of C. tetani infection

A

Generalized
Localized

Neonatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Generalized tetanus

A

Lock jaw
Back spasms

Autonomic involvement is most severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Localized tetanus

A

Confined to muscles at site of inoculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neonatal tetanus

A

Infected umbilical stump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Risus sardonicus

A

Sustained contraction of fascial muscles

Caused by tetanospasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Opisthotonic posturing

A

Spinal muscles affected by tetanospasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treat C. tetani

A

Debridement of primary wound

Human tetanus Ig

21
Q

Prevent C. tetani infection

A

Immunize with boosters

22
Q

Mycobacterium features

A

Gram-positive, ACID-FAST, aerobic
Lipid-rich cell wall

Non-spore forming, non-motile

Slow growing

23
Q

Mycobacterial cell wall components

A

Mycolic acids

LAM

24
Q

LAM

A

Structurally and functionally related to LPS

25
Q

Mycobacterium diseases

A

TB (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. kansasii)

Leprosy (M. leprae)

26
Q

Pott’s disease

A

Skeletal muscle TB

Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae most affected

27
Q

Diagnose Pott’s disease

A

Immunocompromised, developing countries
“Gibbus” deformity

Positive PPD test
Granulomas

28
Q

TB host response

A

Th1 produce IFN-gamma, which stimulate macrophages to kill

Mycobacterium resists macrophages, and is walled off in granuloma

29
Q

Treat Mycobacterium

A

Combination of four antibiotics over several months

30
Q

M. leprae features

A

Targets macrophages and Schwann cells

Only reservoirs are humans and armadillos

31
Q

Two diseases of M. leprae

A

Tuberculoid

Lepromatous

32
Q

Tuberculoid leprosy host response

A

Th1

33
Q

Lepromatous leprosy host response

A

Th2 response

Abs ineffective, results in Hansen’s disease

34
Q

Diagnose leprosy

A

Lepromin test

Culture is IMPOSSIBLE - biopsy can be done

35
Q

Treat leprosy

A

Prolonged treatment with uncommon antibiotics

36
Q

Nocardia features

A

Aerobic, Gram-positive rod (but doesn’t take up stain well)
Weakly acid fast

Filamentous (resembles hyphae)

Aerial hyphae

37
Q

Mycetoma

A

SSTI caused by nocardia
Slow progression, painless

Foot is the most common site

38
Q

Other diseases caused by nocardia

A

Lymphocutaneous disease

Cellulitis and subQ abscesses

39
Q

Diagnose and treat nocardiosis

A

Hx involving exposure from environment

Treat with TMP-SMX

40
Q

Actinomyces israellii

A

Filamentous bacteria
Strict anaerobe

Opportunistic pathogen

Abscesses contain sulfur granules

Associated with dental work

Control with penicillin

41
Q

Diagnose and treat Actinomyces

A

Filamentous biopsy
Differentiate from nocardia based on acid-fast stain

Penicillin

42
Q

Acne vulgaris infection

A

Pilosebaceous unit affected

43
Q

Four elements of acne vulgaris pathogenesis

A

Follicular epidermal hyperproliferation
Excess sebum production

Inflammation

Presence and activity of Propionibacterium acnes

44
Q

Propionibacterium acnes features

A

Gram-positive rod
Anaerobic

Stimulates inflammation

45
Q

Treat acne vulgaris

A 
Topical first
Oral antibiotics (doxycycline)

Isotrenoid (Accutane)

46
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of gingiva

Reversible

47
Q

Periodontitis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease
Includes gingivitis along with loss of CT ad bone support for teeth

Irreversible

48
Q

Gingivits and periodontitis causes

A

Bacteria in the dental plaques

Create inflammatory response in gingival tissue

49
Q

Dental caries causative agent

A

Streptococcus mutans (Viridans strep.) is dominant cause - acid products is the underlying causes

Micro exam 8 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions