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SON-111 Physics > Pulse- Echo Instumentation > Flashcards

Pulse- Echo Instumentation Flashcards

1
Q

Amplification

A
  • also known as receiver gain
  • Gain- Ratio of amplifier output to input electrical power
  • Increases amplification at all depths (entire image is brighter)
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2
Q

Analog

A
  • relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity such as spatial position or voltage.
  • the transducer sends analog electrical signals
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3
Q

Analog-to-Digital Converter

A

In Beam former; converts voltage amplitude to a number; analog to digital suitable for computer memory

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4
Q

Beam Former

A
  • Determines focus, shape and steer of the beam for array transducers
  • Steers, shapes during transmission
  • Focuses electronically during reception
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5
Q

Bistable

A

an electronic circuit that has two stable states.

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6
Q

Bit

A

a small piece, part, or quantity of something.

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7
Q

Cathode-ray tube (CRT)

A

Image display device

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8
Q

Coded Excitation

A

resolution enhancement compression (REC), which allow the axial resolution and bandwidth of the imaging system to be enhanced [1]. In addition to improvements in terms of axial resolution, the REC technique has the typical coded excitation and pulse compression benefits, such as deeper penetration due to improvement in echo signal-to-noise ratio

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9
Q

Compensation/TGC/DGC

A
  • Increases amplification at varying depths
  • Portions of the image become brighter
  • Used to make image uniformly bright from top to bottom
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10
Q

Compression/Dynamic Range

A
  • Ratio of the largest to the smallest amplitude or power that a system can handle is called Dynamic Range
  • Compression decreases the difference between the largest and the smallest voltages or echo amplitudes
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11
Q

Contrast Resolution

A

is the ability to distinguish between differences in intensity in an image

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12
Q

Demodulation

A
  • makes image suitable for display

- Conversion of echo voltages from radio frequency (RF) to video form

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13
Q

Depth Gain Compensation

A
  • Increases amplification at varying depths
  • Portions of the image become brighter
  • Used to make image uniformly bright from top to bottom
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14
Q

Digitial-to-analog converter

A

In Image Processor; Converts processed digital image data into analog signals suitable for the TV video display

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15
Q

Dynamic Range

A
  • Ratio of the largest to the smallest amplitude or power that a system can handle is called Dynamic Range
  • Compression decreases the difference between the largest and the smallest voltages or echo amplitudes
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16
Q

Frame Rate

A

the number of sonographic images stored into memory per second

17
Q

Gain

A

ratio of amplifier output to input electrical power

18
Q

Gray Scale

A
  • a range of gray shades from white to black

- postprocessing

19
Q

Image Memory/Scan Converter

A
  • Temporarily stores images during scanning, for viewing and recording
  • Performs scan conversion, enabling the image data to be viewed on video monitors
20
Q

Image Processer

A
  • any form of signal processing for which the input is an image
  • scan conversion
  • preprocessing
  • storage of image frames
  • postprocessing
21
Q

Persistence

A
  • the continued or prolonged existence of something.

- preprocessing

22
Q

PACS

A
  • Picture archiving and communications systems
  • Used with digital imaging modes
  • Allows electronic images to be sent to work stations and external memory and storage (even off-site)
23
Q

PostProcessing

A

Done after scan converter memory

-can be done on a frozen image

24
Q

PreProcessing

A

before (pre-) Scan Converter memory

-cannot be done on a frozen image

25
Q

Real-Time

A
  • each frame is created and displayed quickly, giving the impression of constant motion; “movie”-like
  • the actual time during which a process or event occurs.
26
Q

Real-Time Display

A

each frame is created and displayed quickly, giving the impression of constant motion; “movie”-like

27
Q

Scan Converter / Image Memory

A
  • Temporarily stores images during scanning, for viewing and recording
  • Performs scan conversion, enabling the image data to be viewed on video monitors
28
Q

Signal Processer

A
  • includes filtering, detection, and compression

- receives digitized echo voltages from the beam former.

29
Q

Spatial Compounding

A

averaging of frames that view anatomy from different angles

30
Q

Temporal Resolution

A

the ability to distinguish closely timed events as separate events; and to correctly display rapidly moving structures

31
Q

Time Gain Compensation

A
  • Increases amplification at varying depths
  • Portions of the image become brighter
  • Used to make image uniformly bright from top to bottom

SON-111 Physics (5 decks)

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