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Neuro > Pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

pharyngeal clefts

A
  1. External invagination of ectoderm.

2. 4 clefts

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2
Q

pharyngeal arches

A
  1. Core of mesenchyme (neural crest and paraxial mesoderm). (leaves week 5)
  2. Neural crest will give rise to ct components; paraxial mesoderm gives rise to muscles.
  3. Each arch has its own nerve (cranial nerve) and blood supply (aortic arch artery).
  4. 6 pharyngeal arches initially develop; but the 5th regresses, leaving arches 1-4 and 6.
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3
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A
  1. Internal evagination of pharyngeal endoderm.

2. 4 pouches

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4
Q

skeletal derivatives of arch 1

A

viscerocranium (malleus, incus) and connective tissues of face

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5
Q

muscular derivatives of arch 1

A

a. Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids)
b. Also: anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

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6
Q

nerve of arch 1

A

trigeminal CN V(3)

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7
Q

oropharyngeal membrane

A

Oropharyngeal membrane develops between the two processes of first arch.

a. Composed of an outer layer of ectoderm and an inner layer of endoderm.
b. Ruptures by day 26 to allow communication between pharynx and oral cavity.

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8
Q

which arch is the largest

A

1 it forms entire face

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9
Q

skeletal derivatives arch 2

A

a. Stapes, styloid process of temporal bone

b. Stylohyoid ligament; lesser horn and superior portion of body of hyoid

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10
Q

muscular derivatives arch 2

A

a. Muscles of facial expression

b. Also: stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, stapedius

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11
Q

arch 2 nerve

A

facial nerve CN vII

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12
Q

arch 3 deriatives skeletal

A
  1. Skeletal derivatives: greater horn and inferior portion of body of hyoid bone.
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13
Q

arch 4 skeletal

A

with 6th arch, forms all laryngeal cartilages.

)

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14
Q

arch 5

A

regresses

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15
Q

arch 6 skeletal

A

with 4th arch, forms all laryngeal cartilages.

).

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16
Q

pouch 1 derivatives

A

formation of middle ear and auditory lobe

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17
Q

pouches are

A

evaginations of the endoderm…

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18
Q

pouch 2 forms

A

stroma of palatine tonsil, tonsillar fossa

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19
Q

pouch 3

A
  1. Dorsal portion: inferior parathyroid glands

2. Ventral portion: thymus

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20
Q

pouch 4

A
  1. Dorsal portion: superior parathyroid glands

2. Ventral portion: ultimobranchial body (see development of thyroid gland below

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21
Q

first cleft derivative

A

external ear

22
Q

second arch overgrows

A

arches 3 and 4, burying clefts 2-4

23
Q

remnants of clefts 2-4 form

A

cervial sinus which is later obliterated

24
Q

thyroid gland development

A

A. Derived from a median endodermal thickening of pharyngeal floor.
B. The gland descends along the pharynx into the neck, remaining connected to tongue via the thyroglossal duct (degenerates by week 7).
C. Superior opening of the thyoglossal duct remains as the foramen cecum.
D. In about 50% of individuals a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid is present; this is a remnant of the distal thyroglossal duct.
E. Parafollicular (C cells) are derived from the ultimobranchial body of the 4th pouch.

25
Q

pyramidal lobe

A

thyroid tissue in neck, thryroglossal cyst…

26
Q

tongue development

A

A. 1st pharyngeal arch form the body (anterior 2/3) of tongue (GSA from trigeminal n.)
B. 3rd arch forms the root (posterior 1/3) of tongue (GVA from glossopharyngeal n.)
C. 4th arch forms the epiglottic region of tongue (GVA from vagus n.)
D. Muscle derived from paraxial mesoderm of occipital somites

27
Q

1st pharyngeal arch is….the rest are…

A

ectoderm, endoderm

28
Q

gsa is

A

ectoderm

29
Q

gva is

A

endoderm

30
Q

ectopic thyroid or parathyroid tissue

A
  1. Remnants of thyroid tissue can remain along the course of migration.
  2. The parathyroids also undergo a migration and are highly variable in their location.

foramend cecum through tongue

31
Q

lateral cervical cysts

A

form when the cervical sinus fails to degenerate. These cysts are found along the anterior border of the SCM

32
Q

branchial fistula

A

occur when second arch fails to overgrow the third and fourth arches. The cervical sinus retains a connection with the surface (external fistula). In rare cases, the lateral cervical cyst can open into the pharynx (internal fistula).

33
Q

thyroglossal cyst

A
  1. Remnant of thyroglossal duct.

2. Always located on or near midline of the neck.

34
Q

neural crest defects

A
  1. Neural crest cells are important for the development of the pharyngeal arches.
  2. Severe craniofacial defects result from disruption of neural crest cell migration or differentiation.
  3. Ex: Treacher Collins Syndrome, Robin Sequence, DiGeorge Anomaly
35
Q

digeorge syndrom

A

a. Deletion on long arm of Chromosome 22
b. Cardiac abnormalities
c. Craniofacial defects
d. Thymic hypoplasia
e. Parathyroid dysfunction – hypocalcemia due to parathyroid insufficiencies

36
Q

stomodeum

A

invagination of ectoderm which will form oral cavity

37
Q

sve

A

motor innervation to hpayngeal arch muscle

38
Q

ultimobranchial body

A

migrates into parafollicular cells

39
Q

foramen cecum

A

where oropharyngeal membrande whould have attached

demarcates where thyroid gland originally formed

40
Q

lateral cervical cysts are also called

A

branchial cysts

41
Q

treacher collin

A

-Malar hypoplasia
-Micrognathia
-Malformed external
ear
-impaired hearing

42
Q

robin sequence

A

Micrognathia

  • Cleft palate
  • Glossoptosis
43
Q

catch 22

A

-Chromosome 22
-Cardiac defects
-Abnormal facies
-Thymic aplasia
-Cleft palate
-Hypocalcemia
(parathyroid
deficiency)

44
Q

goldenhar syndrom

A 
-Underdeveloped
facial bones
-Ear anomalies
-Eye anomalies
-hemivertebrae
-spina bifida
45
Q

muscle derivatives of arch 3

A

stylopharyngeus

46
Q

arch 3 merve

A
  1. Nerve: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX
47
Q

arch 4 muscle

A
  1. Muscular derivatives: muscles of pharynx; cricothyroid(larynx muscle) (except stylopharyngeus
48
Q

arch 4 nerve

A
  1. Nerve: vagus nerve (CN X)
49
Q

arch 6 muscle

A
  1. Muscular derivatives: laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid); skeletal muscle of
    esophagus
50
Q

arch 6 nerve

A
  1. Nerve: vagus nerve (CN X; recurrent laryngeal nerve

Neuro (10 decks)

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