Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdomen > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

0
Q

Ductus venosus becomes

A

Ligamentum venosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Umbilical vein becomes

A

Ligamentum teres/ round ligament after birth

Opens back in portal htn. Re canalized umbilical vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Liver is an intraperitoneal organ except the

A

Bare area. (Area not covered by peritoneum) adj to GB fossa, porta hepatis, and area surrounding IVC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Liver

A 
Weighs 1500grams
Trvs 20-22.5 cm
AP 20-12.5
L 15-20 cm
Convex at diaphragm concave at visceral surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glisson’s capsule aka visceral peritoneum

A

Fibroelastic connective tissue covering the liver. Has vessels, lymphatics, & nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ligaments

A

Coronary: where parietal becomes visceral layer. Gives rise to rt & lt triangular ligament

Falciform ligament: divides r & l lobes

Round ligament/Ligamentum Teres

Rt triangular

Lt triangular / lateral ligament

Gastrohepatic

Hepatoduodenal

Ligamentum venosum/hepatogastric lig (post to liver): separates lt lobe & caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anatomical division

A
  1. ) Right lobe (includes caudate and quadrate)
  2. ) Left love

Further divided…4 lobes

  1. ) right
  2. ) left
  3. ) caudate
  4. ) quadrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Segmental division

A
  1. ) right lobe
  2. ) left lobe (including quadrate)
  3. ) caudate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Couinaud Segments

A

Used for liver resection

  1. ) caudate lobe
  2. ) lateral segment lt lobe sup
  3. ) lateral segment lt lobe inf
  4. ) quadrate/ medial segment lt lobe sup and inf
  5. ) ant segment rt lobe inf
  6. ) posterior segment rt lobe inf
  7. ) post segment rt lobe sup
  8. ) ant segment rt lobe sup
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Liver blood supply and drainage

A

Hepatic artery: O2 rich
Portal vein: nutrient rich. Most of liver is supplied by PV

Hepatic veins into ivc drains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Liver function carried out by

A

Hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, kupffer cells (phagocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Liver functions

A

Digestion, carb metabolism, storage, protein metabolism, detoxification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LFT’s

A

Alt, AST, bilirubin, alk phos, LDH, alp, ggtp/ggt inc with alcohol abuse, pt, dec albumin, afp inc cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reidel’s lobe

A

Tongue like projection of rt lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transplant Doppler

A

Normal: RI < 0.8, acceleration time < 0.08, low resistant artery wave.

PRF, 45-60*, depth, sm color box, gain, wall filter, power Doppler on slow flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common liver transplant complication

A

Ischemic reprofusion injury

Rejection confirmed with biopsy

2nd most common = hepatic artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stenosis

A

Distal tardus parvus wave, vel > 200 cm/s, color aliasing at stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hepatic veins

A

Right middle left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ligamentum venosum divides

A

Medial segment Left lobe and caudate lobe.

Remnant of ductus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ligamentum teres divides

A

Medial and lateral segments of the left lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lab decreases with chronic liver disease

A

Serum albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What liver segment is between the left hepatic vein and the middle hepatic vein?

A

MSLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reticuloendothelial tissue activity

A

Digestion of hemoglobin released from ruptured red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phagocytic function of the liver is carried out by

A

Kupffer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrate lobe?

A

GB fossa, lig teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Milan criteria for patient with HCC

A

No lesion > 5cm,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Associates with pediatric use of aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Von Gierkes Type I

A

MC Glycogen storage disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Copper disease. Must avoid organ foods such as liver kidney heart nuts and dried beans.

Brown rings around eyes called Kayser-Fleischer Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Schistosomiasis

A

Turtle back liver. From snails in water penetrate skin. Leads to portal htn & pipe stem cirrhosis

Portal vein occlusion by the larvae leads to portal htn, splenomegaly, ascites, and varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Amoebiasis

A

Protozoa amoeba can lead to liver dysfunction and abscess, primarily affects colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Candidiasis

A

Fungus balls, immunosuppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Echinococcus / Hydatid disease

A

Honey comb appearance/water lily sign/ lily pad, tapeworm, dog poop in sheep heard and humans eat infected sheep. Egg travels through portal to liver.

Echinococcal cyst/hydatid cyst/daughter cyst

Large cyst with small daughter cysts. Hydatid sand internal echoes seen.
Changes & can turn into collapsed calcified mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pneumocystitis

Pneumocystis Carinii

A

Affects lungs mostly, immunosuppressed patients. Numerous echogenic foci

MC organism to affect AIDs patients 80%. May manifest as pneumonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Hepatitis

A

Acute hepatitis: starry sky liver, hypo liver, enlarged, portal veins inc echoes in the bands known as periportal cuffing.

Chronic: hyperechoic small liver, dec echo of PV

A-daycare workers, oral/fecal/water, wash hands after changing diapers, Vaccine Hep A available, self limiting

B-blood/body fluids/unprotected sex/needles. Vaccine Hep B, healthcare workers at risk

C-blood

D-from Hep B, hep B vaccine.

E-food/water

G-? True hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Gaucher’s disease

A

Error of lipid metabolism, Type I MC, glucoscerobrocyde lipid accumulates in organs bc of enzyme deficiency

Enzyme replacement therapy

Bruising, low platelets, anemic, tired.

Hepatosplenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Iron overload, gets in organs

Joint pain.

Phlebotomy removed excess iron take out a pint 1-2 weeks for months and maintenance therapy blood given every 2-4 months for life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Focal fatty infiltrate / Focal infiltration

A

Usually in periportal region. Anterior to portal vein and porta hepatis

39
Q

Pneumobilia

A

Air in biliary tract

40
Q

Portal Hypertension

A

Most common cause is cirrhosis

hepatosplenomegaly, hepatofugal flow in portal vein, PV diam > 13mm
Hepatofugal flow, Recanalized umbilical vein (best seen sag subcoastal view of left lobe through lig teres), enlarged left gastric vein aka coronary vein, ascites

41
Q

Fatty liver/ Fatty Infiltration

A

Is reversible, Fat accumulates in liver. Inc attenuation, dec penetration, inc echogenicity, hetero, focal or diffuse, rapid change in appearance over time

Causes: obesity, diabetes, alcohol, hepatitis, chronic illness, steroids, malnutrition, pregnancy, Reye’s syndrome, hyperlipidemia, glycogen storage disease, cystic fibrosis,

42
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Rounding of inferior border of liver, long meas exceeding 20, extension of right lobe inferior to the lower pole of the right kidney, increased AP measurement.

43
Q

Cavernous hemangioma

A

Most common liver tumor, Homogeneous, hyperechoic lesion, has a vascular network, more common in females, usually Asymptomatic

44
Q

Hepatic cyst

A

Thin wall, post acoustic enhancement, anechoic, inc through transmission

45
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Nodular liver, small liver, may cause HCC, caudate sparing, luminal narrowing of hepatic veins, color and Doppler on hepatics show high velocities through strictures, splenomegaly, azotemia (inc blood nitrogen), collateral vessels, leads to jaundice, portal HTN, & liver failure

Caused by ETOH abuse, hepatitis, hep C, Wilton’s, hemochromatosis, galactosemia, biliary obstruction, vascular disease, drugs

46
Q

HCC/Hepatoma

A

Inc AFP

Invasion of portal veins may be due to HCC

Often with cirrhosis, hep B, carcinogens, usually males

RUQ pain, Hepatomegaly, wt loss, palp mass, loss appetite, fever, cirrhosis,

Inc color, inc # vessels, high velocity, inc diastolic

May mets to heart, lungs, brain, kidney, spleen. Poor prognosis. 3-4 months. If early can do tx

47
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Skin cancer

Skin lesion increased with AIDS patients.

48
Q

Mets to liver

A

Most common adenocarcinoma of the Colon, then breast and lung.

20 times more common than HCC

Target, bulls eye appearance. Any echogenicity, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites

Inc afp, alt, AST, lft, bili

49
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia

A

Well defined mass, central stellate scar, color Doppler prominent vessels coursing within the scar

Rare, assoc with BCP, second MC, benign. Asymptomatic, iso, hypo, hyper. Spoke wheel pattern. Multiple veins come out from center.

50
Q

Budd Chiari

A

Occlusion of ivc and hepatics, portal vein may be occluded or show hepatofugal flow

51
Q

Liver transplant complication not detected by ultrasound

A

Rejection

52
Q

Liver transplant complications extrahepatic fluid collection could be

A

Biloma, hematoma, located ascites, abscess

53
Q

Liver tx complications

A

Biliary sludge, portal vein stenosis, hep art thrombosis, liver malignancy

The gallbladder is removed. Don’t search for gb problems.

54
Q

TIPs

A

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

RHV-RPV
Connects portal vein and hepatic vein

Relieved symptoms of portal HTN

Hepatofugal flow in shunt, vel 100-190cm/s
190cm/s = stenosis

55
Q

Liver tx can be anastamoses via

A

IVC, PV, HA, bile duct

56
Q

Best view of coronary vein

A

Sag view through splenic hilum

57
Q

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein

A

Sequelae of portal vein thrombus and is the replacement of the normal single channel portal vein with numerous tortuous venous channels

58
Q

Galactosemia

A

Can’t convert galactose to glucose

59
Q

Rt intersegmental fissure divides

A

Rt anterior and rt post lobe

Rt hep vein is landmark

60
Q

Left intersegmental fissure divides

A

Medial and lateral left lobe. Ligamentum teres and left hepatic and left portal are landmarks

61
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lining of abdominal cavity

62
Q

What are intersegmental ?

What are intrasegmental?

A

Hep veins intersegmental

Portal triad intrasegmental

63
Q

Granuloma

A

Small calcifications
Liver or spleen
From histoplasmosis or tuberculosis

64
Q

Pyogenic bacterial abscess

A

E. coli, reaches liver via portal vein, hep artery, bile duct, or lymphatics.

Hypo round fluid filled mass, echogenic foci with gas producing organisms.

65
Q

Fungal abscess

A

Sequence of change. Wheel within a wheel, bullseye, hypo mass, echogenic mass.

66
Q

Amoebic abscess. Parasitic.

A

Aka amoebiosis

Contaminated food and water. Entamoeba histolytica. Resides in colon. Goes to liver via portal vein.

Round oval hypo mass. Distal enhancement.

67
Q

Giving a fatty meal does what to the bile ducts?

A

Inc with obstruction, dec if normal

68
Q

Glycogen storage disease

A

Error in glycogen metabolism.

Type I most common. Von Gierkes Syndrome.

Inc fat and glycogen store in liver. Hepatomegaly
Hypoglycemic, fatigue, seizure

Treated by giving glucose drink.

69
Q

2 most common causes of biliary tract obstruction

A

Panc cancer and gallstones.

70
Q

Niemann-Picks Disease

A

Error in lipid metabolism. Types A-C. Type B most common. Die at late childhood. Red spots in eyes. Type A rapidly fatal.

Lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly mental retard

71
Q

Polycystic Disease

A

Assoc w. Kidneys, panc, spleen

72
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Congenital defect in leukocyte. Hypo areas wit Ca+ and shadowing.

73
Q

Hemangioma

A

MC benign liver tumor. Vascular tumor. Asymptomatic. Usually hyperechoic.

74
Q

Liver Cell Adenoma

A

Rare, assoc w BCP, palp mass, RUQ pain, assoc w. Von Gierkes.

Very vascular. Inc risk life threatening hemorrhage.

75
Q

Lipoma

A

Very rare, asymptomatic, assoc w. Tuberous Sclerosis and renal angiomyolipomas.

Hyperechoic, fat, propagation speed artifact. Propagation speed artifact.

76
Q

Hepatic Cystadenoma

A

Rare, multilocular, fluid filled

77
Q

Hemangiosarcoma

Hepatic Angiosarcoma

A

Cancer
Rare, exposure to carcinogens (thoratrast, arsenic, polyviral chloride)

Large mass, hemorrhage, necrosis

78
Q

Morrisons Pouch/ recess of Morrison/ Hepatorenal pouch

A

Name of potential peritoneal space that is bound by the liver, kidney, colon, and duodenum

79
Q

Hodgkin’s disease/ Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A 
Cancer
Enlg lymphoid tissue 
Younger 
Hepatosplenomegaly, hypo lesions. 
Diffuse lesions
80
Q

NonHodgkins lymphoma

A

Cancer
Inc in aids pts, inc in pts with cyclosporine (tx rejection drug)
Older pt, worse prognosis
Focal lesions

81
Q

Leukemia

A

Blood cancer

82
Q

Liver trauma

A

3rd mc organ to be damaged next to spleen and kidney.

83
Q

Infantile hemangioendothelioma/cavernous hemangioma/hemangioma

A

Benign

MC vascular tumor in infancy. Associated with CHF, cutaneous hemangioma

84
Q

Hepatoblastoma

A

MC primary liver tumor in peds. <5 yrs, male, rt lobe.

Assoc with beckwith-wiedemann, hemihypertrophy, familial adenomatous polyposis, precocious puberty

85
Q

Describe the main lobar fissure

A

Imaginary line between gb fossa and IVC. Separates rt and lt lobe. Middle hepatic vein is a landmark.

86
Q

Rt intersegmental fissure

A

Divides rt lobe into ant and post

Rt hep vein is a landmark.

87
Q

Lt intersegmental fissure

A

Divides left lobe into medial and lateral. Left hep vein, Ligamentum teres, and asc segment of left portal vein are landmarks.

88
Q

Coronary Ligament

A

Parietal peritoneum into liver becoming visceral peritoneum

Rt & lt triangular ligament

89
Q

Acute hepatitis

A

Starry sky

Hypo liver, Hepatomegaly, hyperechoic portal vein walls

90
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

Hyperechoic liver, small liver, dec echogenicity of portal vein walls

91
Q

Focal fatty sparing

A

Island of normal liver in a sea of fatty liver. Seen adj to GB fossa. No mass effect.

92
Q

Name 5 portosystemic shunts

A
  1. Portocaval shunt
  2. Proximal splenorenal shunt
  3. Distal splenorenal (Warren) shunt (PV hepatopedal)
  4. Mesocaval shunt
  5. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (hepatopedal in PV)

Confirm shunt with US by showing flow within shunt and Hepatofugal portal vein flow.

93
Q

Thin capsule surrounding liver

A

Glissons capsule

94
Q

What vessel courses within main lobar fissure

A

Middle hepatic vein

95
Q

Which forms the caudal border of the left portal vein

A

Ligamentum teres

Abdomen (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions