35 - Immune System Flashcards
Innate Immunity
Provides broad protection against a range of pathogens
Barrier defenses – Mucus membranes, Skin, Secretion
Cell types, immune molecules
Internal defenses – phagocytes, natural killers, antimicrobials proteins, inflammatory response
Adaptive Immunity (Invertebrates Only)
Veterbate Only / Specific immunity
Response to specific pathogen
Humoral – (proteins secreted by immune cells) Antibodies defend against infection in body fluids.
Cell-mediated – cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells (immune cells destroy infected cells)
3 Types Innate Response
Barrier Defenses – Mucus Membranes, Skin,
Cell types / immune molecules
Internal Defenses - Phagocytes, Natural Killer Cells, inflammation,
3 steps clonal selection
First Response to the Antigen = Clonal selection of B and T Cells
Antigen Binds to the receptor
Rapid cell proliferation produces lots of cells
Cell Specialization into two types of B cells P
Plasma – Secrete antibodies
Memory – Persist in the organism and remember pathogens
T and B Cells
Persist in the to recognize infections/pathogens
Memory Cells
B Cells
Fight Pathogens
Secrete antibodies – to recognize the infection into the blood and lymph
Antibodies Bind to specific pathogens.
Plasma Cells
T Cells
- Recognize Infected Cells
- Bind to infected Cells (T Cell Receptor)
- Release Protein to kill the Cell (Two Types)
-Perforins create whole in-cell membrane
-Granzymes granules of destructive enzymes
Cytotoxic Cells
T Cells
Boosts response of B and T Cells
Helper Cells
Effects of antibodies of plasma binding to pathogens
Inactivates the pathogen once it bound to
Allow it to be consumed and destroyed by macrophages.
Activate the complement system that directly destroys the pathogen.
Effects of Cytotoxic T Cells Recognizing Infected Cells
Identify Harmful cells (infected cells)
Release protein kills the cell.
The First time the system rune into a pathogen, antigen, or infection
The system is suspectable (it doesn’t know how to deal with pathogens)
It can take long for the body to find the answer.
(2 weeks)
B Cells activate
Plasma B – produces Antibodies.
Memory – Store information on infection
Primary Response
Organisms encounter the pathogen, antigen, or infection again
Faster Response due to Memory cell’s information
(2 days)
Antibodies produced to take care of pathogens stronger than the initial encounter
Secondary Response
(Much stronger and more rapid)
How Does Primary / Secondary Repsosne relate to vaccinations
This is related to vaccination because vaccination is a small dose of a pathogen introduced to the body and allows the body to see the pathogen in a controlled dosage and formulate Memory cells to help prepare the body for when it may come across the disease in the future.
