Day 4 (Cartilage Joints; Diarthrosis common features)

Question 1

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthosis) joints?

Answer 1

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

Question 2

What are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?

Answer 2

located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”

Question 3

What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?

Answer 3

located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble Pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine and monitor the joint during normal range of motion

Question 4

What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?

Answer 4

present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, resemble Golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion

Question 5

What is the function of type IV articular receptors?

Answer 5

nociceptive, they monitor pain

Question 6

Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?

Answer 6

accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Question 7

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

Answer 7

1) synovial villi, 2) articular fat pads or Haversian glands, 3) synovial menisci and inra-articular discs

Question 8

Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

Answer 8

lumbar zygapophyses

Question 9

Intra-articular discs are a feature of what joints examples?

Answer 9

temporomandibular, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and radio-ulnar joints

Question 10

Synovial menisci are a feature of what joint examples?

Answer 10

femur-tibia articulation, cervical zygapophyses and lumbar zygapophyses

Question 11

What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

Answer 11

are phagocytic

Question 12

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

Answer 12

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

Question 13

Which collagen fiber type predominates in articular cartilage?

Answer 13

type II

Question 14

What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

Answer 14

form a network for water retention

Question 15

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

Answer 15

cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

Question 16

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

Answer 16

cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property