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3.5.3 Energy and Ecosystems Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

How do plants use the sugar from photosynthesis?

A

Primarily as respiratory substrates
TO synthesise other biological molecules eg. Cellulose

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2
Q

What is biomass?

A

Total dry mass of tissue or mass of carbon measured over a given times

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3
Q

Suggest the units for biomass.

A

Area being sampled: gm-2
Volume being samples: gm-3

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4
Q

How can the chemical energy store in dry mass be estimated?

A

Using calorimetry
Energy released = SHC of water x volume of water x temperature increase of water

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5
Q

Define gross primary production (GPP)

A

Total chemical energy in plant biomass within a given volume or area

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6
Q

Define net primary productivity (NPP)

A

The total chemical energy available for plant growth, plant reproduction and energy transfer to other tropic levels after respiratory losses

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7
Q

Formula between GPP and NPP

A

NPP = GPP - R
Where R represents respiratory losses

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8
Q

How can net production of consumers be calculated?

A

N = I - (F + R)
I : chemical energy from ingested food
F : energy lost as faeces and urine
R : respiratory losses

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9
Q

Why does biomass decrease along a food chain?

A

Energy lost in nitrogenous waster & urine
Some of the other organism is not consumed
Energy lost to surroundings as heat

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10
Q

Define primary and secondary productivity

A

Rate of primary or secondary production
Biomass in a specific area over a given time period

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11
Q

Outline some common farmin practices used to increase the efficiency of energy transfer

A
  • Exclusion of predators: no energy lost to other organisms in food web
  • Artifical heating: reduce energy lost to maintain constant body temperature
  • Restriction of movement
  • Feeding is controlled at the optimum
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12
Q

Give a general equation of % efficiency

A

Energy converted to a useful for / total energy supplied x 100

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13
Q

Explain why the length of food chains is limited

A

Energy is lost at each tropic level
SO there is insufficient energy to support a higher tropic level

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14
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass?

A

Diagram that shows the biomass at each trophic level

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